IEC 61212-3-3/FRAGf

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Guide for field measurement of vibrations and pulsations in hydraulic machines (turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines)Guide pour la mesure in situ des vibrations et fluctuations sur machines hydrauliques (turbines, pompes d'accumulation et pompes-turbines)Guide for field measurement of vibrations and pulsations in hydraulic machines (turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines)27.140Vodna energijaHydraulic energy engineering17.160Vibracije, meritve udarcev in vibracijVibrations, shock and vibration measurementsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:IEC 60994SIST IEC 60994:1999en01-april-1999SIST IEC 60994:1999SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
NORMEINTERNATIONALEINTERNATIONALSTAN DARDCEIIEC994Première éditionFirst edition1991-01Guide pour la mesure in situ des vibrationset fluctuations sur machines hydrauliques(turbines, pompes d'accumulationet pompes-turbines)Guide for field measurement of vibrationsand pulsations in hydraulic machines (turbines,storage pumps and pump-turbines)© IEC 1991 Droits de reproduction réservés — Copyright - all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niNo part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized inutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucunany form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-including photocopying and microfilm, without permission incopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeurwriting from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission3, rue de Varembé Geneva, SwitzerlandTelefax: +41 22 919 0300e-mail: inmail@iec.chIEC web site http: //www.iec.chIEC•Commission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical CommissionMe1+wyHapo Haa 3neMTpoTexHH4ecKae HOMuccua•CODE PRIXXBPRICE CODEPour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current catalogueSIST IEC 60994:1999

Publication 60994 de la CEI(Première édition - 1991)Guide pour la mesure in situdes vibrations et fluctuations surmachines hydrauliques (turbines,pompes d'accumulationet pompes-turbines)IEC Publication 60994(First edition - 1991)Guide for field measurement ofvibrations and pulsations in hydraulicmachines (turbines, storage pumps andpump-turbines)CORRIGENDUM 1Page 6 - AVANT-PROPOSDans la liste des publications citées de la CEI,à la cinquième ligne, au lieu de*** Actuellement document 4(Bureau Central)48lire:CEI 41 (1991): Essais de réception sur place desturbines hydrauliques, pompes d'accumulation etpompes-turbines en vue de la détermination de leursperformances (troisième édition)Corrections en anglais uniquementPage 7 - PREFACEIn the list of other IEC publications quoted, fifth line,instead of***At present Document 4(Central Office)48read:IEC 41 (1991): Field acceptance tests to deter- minethe hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines,storage pumps and pump-turbines (third edition)Page 17 – Subclause 2.3.2.7In the definitions column, third line, instead of.quantity. A is. read .quantity, A is. (comma insteadof full stop) *Page 19In the footnote, at end of first line, instead of .N inthe denomination. read .N in the denominator.Page 21In the definitions column, fifth line, instead of.function, X(t) over. read .function X(t) over.(no comma)Page 25 – 2.3.4.11In the definitions column, first and second line,instead of .length of the connecting pipe connectingthe pressure transducer. read .length of the pipeconnecting the pressure transducer.Page 41 – 4.1.1In item d), second and third line, instead of.unbalance; also and if. read .unbalance andalso if.4.1.3 - In the first line, instead of .to the machinewater passages. read .to the water passages.* Bold types are for clarity onlySIST IEC 60994:1999

Corrections en anglais uniquementPage 49 — 5.2.3In the eighth line, instead of .in the draft tube ata distance of 0.5 D5 to 1.0 D5 from. read .0.5to 1.0 times the suction diameter of the runner(Ds) from.Tenth line, instead of .0.2 D5 - 0.8 D5 from.read .0.2 Ds — 0.8 Ds from.Eleventh line, instead of .D5 being. read.Ds being.Twelfth line, instead of .outer contour of theelbow, read .outer side of the elbow.Page 51 — 5.2.10Item b), instead of .thrust bearing loadpulsations, by means of strain measurements onevery bearing element; read .thrust bearingload pulsations, on every bearing element bymeans of strain measurements;Page 53 — 5.6.1In item b), first line, instead of .and runner bladeangle. read .and runner/impeller bladeangle.Page 55 — 5.7.4In the second line, instead of .position of arunner vane or nozzle and/or guide blade.read .position of a guide vane or nozzleand/or runner blades.Page 59 — 6.1.1In item b), instead of Upper frequency**:— for Pelton turbines:readUpper frequency:— for Pelton turbines**In the first footnote (*), end of first line, insteadof .lower than the vortex rope. read .lowerthan the suction vortex.Page 65 — 6.3.5In the second line, instead of .any measuringpoint. read .any measuring operatingcondition.Page 71 — Clause 6.8In the seventh line (second dash), remove thewords .(see Figure 7). and place them innext line so as to obtain .are eliminated (seeFigure 7).Page 85 — 8.3In the seventh line, instead of .A/D conversion.read .A/D (analog to digital) conversion.Page 58 — 6.1.1Au point b), au lieu deLimite supérieure de fréquence**:— turbines Pelton:lire Limite supérieure de fréquence:— turbines Pelton**Corrections en anglais uniquementSIST IEC 60994:1999

Page 108 — Article B2.Dans la dernière formule de la page, ajouterun signe moins à la suite du second signeégale (= -)Corrections en anglais uniquementPage 95 - 9.2.4Ninth line, instead of Only in the last case isphase information preserved, read: Only inthe last case phase information ispreserved.Page 99 -10.3In the second line, instead of .should beagreed with the concerned parties,. read.should be agreed between the concernedparties,.Page 103 - Clause A2.In the last but one line, instead of .conversionof the signals from the three signals. read.conversion of the three signals.Page 118 — Figure C2.Sous le tableau, à la cinquième ligne (4èmetiret), au lieu de-rendement de la pompe ou de la turbine,lire—rendement de la pompe ou de la turbine, etc.Page 109 - B2.In the last formula of the page, add a minus signjust after the second equal sign (= -)Page 115 - C7.In the fifth line (third dash), instead of (.recorderor plotter, output). read(.recorder orplotter output). (no comma)Page 117 - Figure Cl.In the heading of the table, last column, instead ofConditions test/. read Test conditions/.Page 119 — Figure C2.Below the table, fifth line (4th dash),instead of-turbine or pump efficiency,read—turbine or pump efficiency, etc.Page 132 — Figure Dl.Page 133 — Figure Dl.Dans le schéma, au lieu de HB lire IIIn the diagram, instead of //B read 11Avril 1997April 1997SIST IEC 60994:1999

994 ©IEC- 3 -CONTENTSPageFOREWORD 7PREFACE
7INTRODUCTION
9SECTION ONE - GENERALClause1.Scope and object 111.1Scope 111.2Object 111.3Excluded topics 132.Terms, definitions, symbols and units 132.1Units 132.2 Terms
132.3List of terms specific to this guide 152.4 Classification of hydraulic machines
273.Guarantees
41SECTION TWO - EXECUTION OF TESTS4.Test conditions to be fulfilled
414.1 Operating conditions under which measurements are performed
414.2 Checks on the machine before the beginning of tests
435.Test procedure
435.1Parameters determining the operating point
435.2 Vibration and pulsation quantities to be measured and locations of measuringpoints
475.3Personnel 515.4 Agreement of test procedure
515.5 Test programme
535.6Preparations for tests 535.7 Observations
555.8Repetition of tests 57SECTION THREE - METHODS OF MEASUREMENT, DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING6.Considerations relating to the methods of measurement
596.1Vibrations 596.2Radial vibrations of the shaft relative to the bearings
656.3Pressure pulsations
656.4Stresses 676.5Shaft torque pulsations
676.6Rotational speed pulsations
716.7Power pulsations
716.8 Guide vane torque pulsations
716.9Radial thrust pulsations measured at the guide bearings
716.10 Axial thrust pulsations measured at the thrust bearing
756.11 Measured quantities defining the machine operating point
75SIST IEC 60994:1999
994 OO I EC— 5 —7.Calibration
757.1General
757.2Direct calibration 777.3Calibration by electrical reference signals 818.Recording
838.1Graphical recorders
838.2 Magnetic tape recorders
858.3Digital recording 859.Data acquisition and processing 879.1General
879.2 Selection of data processing methods
8910.Measurement uncertainties
9711.Final report 99APPENDIX A — Formulae for calculating principal stresses and signal processing fordynamic strain measurements with rosettes
101APPENDIX B — Formulae for calculating the torque on a cylindrical solid shaft and theaxial load on a rectangular or circular section link using the strain gaugetechnique
109APPENDIX C - Example of final report
113APPENDIX D — Distortion of pressure pulsation measurements for transducers mountedwith connecting pipe
131SIST IEC 60994:1999
Six Months' RuleReport on Voting4(CO)454(CO)50Publication Nos.184 (1965):222 (1966):***Other publications quoted:ISO standards2041 (1975):3945 (1985):5347-0 (1987):5348 (1987):7919-1 (1986):8042 (1988):994 © IEC— 7 —INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSIONGUIDE FOR FIELD MEASUREMENT OF VIBRATIONSAND PULSATIONS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINES(TURBINES, STORAGE PUMPS AND PUMP-TURBINES)FOREWORD1)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all theNational Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an internationalconsensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.2)They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in thatsense.3)In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt thetext of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergencebetween the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as posssible, be clearly indicated inthe latter.PREFACEThis standard has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee No. 4: Hydraulic turbines.The text of this standard is based on the following documents:Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the VotingReport indicated in the above table.Other IEC Publications quoted in this standard:Methods for specifying the characteristics of electro-mechanical transducers forshock and vibration measurements.Methods for specifying the characteristics of auxiliary equipment for shock andvibration measurement.At present Document 4(Central Office)48.Vibration and shock — Vocabulary. Bilingual edition.Mechanical vibration of large rotating machines with speed range from 10 to 200 tr/s— Measurement and evaluation of vibration severity in situ.Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups — Part 0: Basic concepts.Mechanical vibration and shock — Mechanical mounting of accelerometers.Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines — Measurements on rotatingshafts and evaluation — Part 1: General guidelines.Shock and vibration measurements — Characteristics to be specified for seismicpick-ups.SIST IEC 60994:1999

994 ©IEC— 9 —GUIDE FOR FIELD MEASUREMENT OF VIBRATIONSAND PULSATIONS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINES(TURBINES, STORAGE PUMPS AND PUMP-TURBINES)INTRODUCTIONOn a machine in service, pulsations and vibrations which cannot be avoided and which do notaffect by themselves the service life of the plant where they occur, can always be observed. Theirvalues depend on many factors, among which are the flow pattern in the water passages underdifferent operating conditions of the unit, peculiarities of the design as well as the thoroughness ofmanufacture, erection and maintenance. Such pulsations and vibrations can be considered asdetrimental only when certain parts of the machine or of the plant are subject to forces that mayimpair its resistance or when unacceptable disturbances are carried to its environment.In extreme cases, vibrations in hydraulic machines can result in the formation of cracks and evenin fracture of components due to fatigue*.Excessive vibration in hydraulic machines not only can reduce their trouble-free service life butcan also affect operation of governing systems and instruments, the behaviour of the attachedstructures and the health of personnel.Measurement of pulsation and vibration characteristics or, preferably, of their effects is to becarried out in accordance with this guide which also gives the information necessary to derive thevalue of the physical quantities from the readings of the measuring instruments.Given the present state of knowledge, it can only be hoped that measurements made incompliance with this guide will reveal a basic characteristic making it possible to relate pulsationsand vibrations to their effects statistically, with an acceptable confidence level.Vibration studies of a hydraulic machine represent a long and difficult operation and hence areexpensive (particularly as regards the non-availability of the machine) and therefore should beundertaken only if a limited number of measurements of stresses or movements indicates thepossibility of a real danger. The purpose of such work is, if possible, to eliminate the source ofdetrimental loadings after having identified it or, should this not be practicable, to define anoperating procedure reducing such loadings to an acceptable level. There are many sources ofdisturbances but a very small number of them, and even one only, may create a real problem on agiven machine.As a rule, the vibrational state of a hydraulic machine is assessed from tests in which the vibrationis measured at individual characteristic points of the structure. A standard experimental set-up,designed on the basis of good practice and experience, should already yield sufficient indicationsabout the general vibrational conditions of the machine. However, examination of results thusacquired can sometimes point to strong local amplification (resonance) in some vital parts of themachine; if such is the case, the affected part(s) should be more closely investigated by meansof an appropriate experimental arrangement. Flow pattern in the water passages may have* In previous years fatigue failures in hydraulic machines were few in number. However, the current tendency to increasespecific loads and to save material in the design of hydraulic machines can lead to lowering of dynamic rigidity of thestructure, which may increase the risk of vibration i
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