prEN 50583-1:2026

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2024
Fotonapetostni elementi v stavbah - 1. del: Moduli, vgrajeni v konstrukcijo (BIPV)
Photovoltaics in buildings - Part 1: BIPV modules
Photovoltaik im Bauwesen - Teil 1 BIPV-Module
Photovoltaïque dans la construction - Partie 1: Modules photovoltaïques intégrés au
bâtiment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 50583-1
ICS:
27.160 Sončna energija Solar energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
prEN 50583-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2023
ICS 27.160 Will supersede EN 50583-1:2016
English Version
Photovoltaics in buildings - Part 1: BIPV modules
Photovoltaïque dans la construction - Partie 1: Modules Photovoltaik im Bauwesen - Teil 1 BIPV-Module
photovoltaïques intégrés au bâtiment
This draft European Standard is submitted to CENELEC members for enquiry.
Deadline for CENELEC: 2024-03-08.

It has been drawn up by CLC/TC 82.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to
the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Project: 74287 Ref. No. prEN 50583-1 E

prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
Contents Page
1 European foreword . 3
2 1 Scope . 4
3 2 Normative references . 4
4 3 Terms and definitions . 6
5 4 Requirements . 7
6 4.1 General . 7
7 4.2 Electrical requirements . 7
8 4.3 Building/construction works related requirements . 8
9 5 Mounting categories .11
10 6 Labelling .13
11 7 Documentation and declaration of performance.13
12 7.1 Data sheet .13
13 7.2 EU Declaration of Conformity and Declaration of Performance .13
14 7.3 Further documentation .14
15 Annex A (normative) Specific requirements for BIPV modules per mounting category .15
16 A.1 General .15
17 A.2 Mechanical resistance and stability .15
18 A.3 Safety in case of fire .15
19 A.4 Hygiene, health and the environment .16
20 A.5 Safety and accessibility in use .16
21 A.6 Protection against noise .16
22 A.7 Energy economy and heat retention .16
23 A.8 Sustainable use of natural resources .17
24 Annex B (normative) Structural integrity .18
25 B.1 Introduction .18
26 B.2 Temperature effects on the glazing .18
27 Annex C (normative) Determination of thermomechanical resistance to partial shading .23
28 C.1 Purpose .23
29 C.2 Shading effect .23
30 C.3 Procedure .23
31 C.4 DoP by declaration concerning thermomechanical resistance to partial shading.23
32 C.5 DoP by simplified thermomechanical calculation of resistance to partial shading .24
33 C.6 DoP by testing of thermomechanical resistance to partial shading .25
34 Annex D (informative) Further requirements related to impact resistance .30
35 Annex E (normative) Example of Declaration of Performance (DoP).31
36 Bibliography .32

prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
37 European foreword
38 This document (prEN 50583-1:2023 has been prepared by CLC/TC 82 “Solar photovoltaic energy systems”.
39 This document is currently submitted to the Enquiry.
40 The following dates are proposed:
• latest date by which the existence of this (doa) dor + 6 months
document has to be announced at national
level
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) dor + 12 months
implemented at national level by publication of
an identical national standard or by
endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) dor + 36 months
conflicting with this document have to be (to be confirmed or
withdrawn modified when voting)
41 This document will supersede EN 50583-1: 2016.
42 This document is read in conjunction with EN 50583-2:2016.
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
43 1 Scope
44 This document applies to photovoltaic modules that contain at least one glass pane and which are used as
45 construction products. It focuses on the properties of these photovoltaic modules relevant to essential building
46 requirements as specified in the European Construction Product Regulation CPR 305/2011, and the applicable
47 electro-technical requirements as stated in the Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU / or CENELEC standards.
48 The CE mark of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules will thus state properties based on both
49 documents as they are both equally applicable.
50 This document references international standards, technical reports and guidelines. For some mounting
51 categories, in addition, national standards (or regulations) for building products may apply in individual countries,
52 which are not explicitly referenced here and for which harmonized European Standards are not yet available.
53 The document is addressed to manufacturers, planners, system designers, installers, testing institutes and
54 building authorities.
55 This document does not address concentrating or building-attached photovoltaic modules (BAPV).
56 This document addresses requirements on the PV modules in the specific ways they are intended to be
57 mounted. Separable mounting structures are within the scope of EN 50583-2.
58 NOTE For the definition of building-attached photovoltaic modules (BAPV) refer to Clause 3.
59 2 Normative references
60 The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document or its annexes and
61 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
62 references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
63 EN 356, Glass in building - Security glazing - Testing and classification of resistance against manual attack
64 prEN 410:2023, Glass in building - Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
65 EN 572-9, Glass in building - Basic soda lime silicate glass products - Part 9: Evaluation of conformity/Product
66 standard
67 EN 673, Glass in building - Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) - Calculation method
68 EN 674, Glass in building - Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) - Guarded hot plate method
69 EN 675, Glass in building - Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) - Heat flow meter method
70 EN 1063, Glass in building - Security glazing - Testing and classification of resistance against bullet attack
71 EN 1096-4, Glass in building - Coated glass - Part 4: Product standard
72 EN 1279-5, Glass in building - Insulating glass units - Part 5: Product standard
73 EN 1863-2, Glass in building - Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass - Part 2: Evaluation of
74 conformity/Product standard
75 EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural and geotechnical design
76 EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures
77 EN 1992, (all parts), Eurocode 2 - Design of concrete structures
78 EN 1993, (all parts), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
79 EN 1994, (all parts), Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete structures
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
80 EN 1995, (all parts), Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures
81 EN 1998, (all parts), Eurocode 4: - Design of structures for earthquake resistance
82 EN 1999, (all parts), Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
83 EN 12150-2, Glass in building - Thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass - Part 2: Evaluation of
84 conformity/Product standard
85 EN 12337-2, Glass in building - Chemically strengthened soda lime silicate glass - Part 2: Evaluation of
86 conformity/Product standard
87 EN 12488, Glass in building - Glazing recommendations - Assembly principles for vertical and sloping glazing
88 EN 12519, Windows and pedestrian doors - Terminology
89 EN 12600, Glass in building - Pendulum test - Impact test method and classification for flat glass
90 EN 12758, Glass in building - Glazing and airborne sound insulation - Product descriptions, determination of
91 properties and extension rules
92 EN 13022, (all parts), Glass in building - Structural sealant glazing
93 EN 13119, Curtain walling - Terminology
94 EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using data
95 from reaction to fire tests
96 EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 2: Classification using data
97 from fire resistance and/or smoke control tests, excluding ventilation services
98 data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services
99 EN 13541, Glass in building - Security glazing - Testing and classification of resistance against explosion
100 pressure
101 EN 13830, Curtain walling - Product standard
102 EN 14179-2, Glass in building - Heat soaked thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass - Part 2:
103 Evaluation of conformity/Product standard
104 EN 14351-1, Windows and doors - Product standard, performance characteristics - Part 1: Windows and
105 external pedestrian doorsets
106 EN 14449, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Evaluation of conformity/Product
107 standard
108 EN 14500, Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods
109 EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules
110 for the product category of construction products
111 EN 16612:2019, Glass in building - Determination of the lateral load resistance of glass panes by calculation
112 CEN/TS 19100 (all parts), Design of glass structures
113 EN 50380, Marking and documentation requirements for Photovoltaic Modules
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
114 EN 61082-1, Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology - Part 1: Rules
115 EN 61215-2, Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 2: Test
116 procedures
117 EN IEC 61730-1, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 1: Requirements for construction
118 EN IEC 61730-2, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 2: Requirements for testing
119 CLC/TS 61836, Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, definitions and symbols
120 EN 62446-1, Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Requirements for testing, documentation and maintenance - Part 1:
121 Grid connected systems - Documentation, commissioning tests and inspection
122 EN IEC/IEEE 82079-1, Preparation of information for use (instructions for use) of products - Part 1: Principles
123 and general requirements
124 EN IEC 60904-9:2020, Photovoltaic devices - Part 9: Classification of solar simulator characteristics
125 EN ISO 12543 (all parts), Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass
126 EN ISO 52022-3, Energy performance of buildings - Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building
127 components and elements - Part 3: Detailed calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics for solar
128 protection devices combined with glazing (ISO 52022-3)
129 3 Terms and definitions
130 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990, EN ISO 12543 (all parts),
131 EN 12519, EN 13119, CLC/TS 61836, EN 13022 (all parts), and the following apply.
132 Note Annex-specific definitions are included in the annexes themselves.
133 ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
134 — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
135 — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
136 3.1
137 Building-Integrated Photovoltaic modules
138 BIPV modules
139 PV modules that form a construction product providing a function as defined in the European Construction
140 Product Regulation CPR 305/2011, and that are therefore prerequisites for the integrity of a building’s
141 functionality
142 Note 1 to entry: If the integrated PV module is dismounted (in the case of structurally bonded modules, dismounting
143 includes the adjacent construction product), the PV module would have to be replaced by an appropriate construction
144 product in order to maintain the buildings functionality.
145 Note 2 to entry: The building’s functions in the context of BIPV are one or more of the following:
146 • mechanical rigidity or structural integrity;
147 • primary weather impact protection: rain, snow, wind, hail;
148 • energy economy, such as shading, daylighting, thermal insulation;
149 • fire protection;
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
150 • noise protection;
151 • separation between indoor and outdoor environments;
152 • security, shelter or safety.
153 Note 3 to entry: Inherent electro-technical properties of PV alone, such as antenna function, power generation and
154 electromagnetic shielding, etc., do not qualify PV modules to be building-integrated
155 3.2
156 Building-Attached Photovoltaic Modules
157 BAPV modules
158 PV modules that are mounted on a building envelope and do not fulfil the above criteria for building integration
159 Note 1 to entry: Negation: The integrity of the building functionality is independent of the existence of a building-attached
160 photovoltaic module.
161 Note 2 to entry: Further important information on this type of photovoltaic system on roofs is provided by the Technical
162 Report by CEN/TC 128/WG3 - Solar energy systems for roofs: Requirements for structural connections to solar panels.
163 4 Requirements
164 4.1 General
165 As electrical components, BIPV modules are subject to the applicable electro-technical requirements as stated
166 in the Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2014/35/EC / or the corresponding CENELEC standards.
167 The essential requirements defined in the LVD 2014/35/EC are:
168 • Protection against hazards arising from the electrical equipment,
169 • Protection against hazards which may be caused by external influences on the electrical equipment.
170 As construction products, BIPV modules are subject to the Essential Requirements as specified in the European
171 Construction Product Regulation (CPR) 305/2011.
172 The essential requirements defined in the CPR 305/2011 are:
173 • Mechanical resistance and stability,
174 • Safety in case of fire,
175 • Hygiene, health and the environment,
176 • Safety and accessibility in use,
177 • Protection against noise,
178 • Energy economy and heat retention,
179 • Sustainable use of natural resources.
180 4.2 Electrical requirements
181 The BIPV modules shall comply with harmonized electrical standard EN IEC 61730- 1 and 2 for photovoltaic
182 module safety qualification

As per Directive 2011/65/EU of the European parliament from 8th June 2011, photovoltaic modules have been
exempted from the ROHS directive.
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
183 • Protection against hazards arising from the electrical equipment
184 • Protection against hazards which may be caused by external influences on the electrical equipment
185 The integration of a PV module, which already complies with the EN IEC 61730 standard, into a construction
186 product to create a BIPV module may change the electrical properties with respect to the original PV module.
187 New evaluation of the BIPV module with respect to a basic requirement of the LVD is only necessary if an
188 essential characteristic of the BIPV module needed to fulfil this basic requirement is changed with respect to
189 the original PV module.
190 4.3 Building/construction works related requirements
191 In addition to naming the general requirements of the CPR, this document classifies BIPV modules containing
192 glass into five different categories depending on the intended mounting type (see Clause 5). Specific normative
193 references with the requirements on BIPV modules that are derived from the CPR are listed for each mounting
194 category (see Annex A).
195 As construction products, BIPV modules shall be designed to withstand wind, snow and other applicable loads
196 as well as to comply with other requirements set out in the following standards, technical specifications and their
197 national application documents:
198 • EN 1990 - Basis of structural design,
199 • EN 1991 (all parts)- Actions on structures,
200 • EN 1992 (all parts) - Design of concrete structures,
201 • EN 1993 (all parts) - Design of steel structures,
202 • EN 1994 (all parts) - Design of composite steel and concrete structures,
203 • EN 1995 (all parts) - Design of timber structures,
204 • EN 1998 (all parts) - Design of structures for earthquake resistance,
205 • EN 1999 (all parts) - Design of aluminium structures,
206 • CEN/TS 19100-1, 2 and −3 - Design of glass structures,
207 • EN 16612 - Glass in building. Determination of the lateral load resistance of glass panes by calculation.
208 The procedures and the input data for structural design of BIPV modules are described in Annex B.
209 In some countries, national regulations specify additional requirements. These depend on the mounting
210 category and must be observed.
211 If a BIPV module ex works already contains a frame or a support structure, its design and safety verification
212 shall be performed according to the design codes for the respective materials, EN 12488 or their national
213 equivalents, and EN 13022-1. In the case of curtain walling, EN 13830 applies. In the case of windows,
214 EN 14351-1 applies.
215 NOTE The integration of photovoltaics into an existing construction product to create a BIPV module necessarily
216 changes the properties with respect to the original construction product. New evaluation of the BIPV module with respect to
217 a basic requirement of the CPR is necessary only if an essential characteristic of the BIPV module needed to meet this basic
218 requirement is changed with respect to the original construction product.
219 As stated in the scope, this document applies to BIPV modules which contain one or more glass panes. Since
220 EN ISO 12543-1 defines laminated glass as “an assembly consisting of one sheet of glass with one or more
221 sheets of glass and/or plastic glazing sheet material joined together with one or more interlayers”, all PV
222 modules that contain one or more glass panes are per definition “laminated glass” and shall comply with the
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
223 standard EN 14449. If PV laminated glass is a component of an insulating glass unit, the final product shall
224 comply with the standard EN 1279-5.
225 Each of the panes used shall comply with one or more of the following product standards / evaluation of
226 conformity standards for glass in buildings depending on its composition and/or its thermal treatment.
227 • EN 572-9: Glass in building – Basic soda lime silicate glass products
228 • EN 1863-2: Glass in building – Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass
229 • EN 12150-2: Glass in building – Thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass
230 • EN 1096-4: Glass in building – Coated glass
231 • EN 14179: Glass in building - Heat soaked thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass
232 • EN 14449: Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass
233 • EN 12337-2: Glass in building - Chemically strengthened soda lime silicate glass
234 • EN 13022- 1: Glass in building - Structural sealant glazing
235 • EN 1279-5: Glass in building - Insulating glass units
236 Photovoltaics in buildings is often subject to partial shading, which can cause thermally induced glass breakage
237 – either directly or due to hot spots. The module manufacturer has to minimize the risk of breakage by the
238 module design itself and/or the specification of relevant restrictions on mounting (see Annex C).
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
239 Table 1 — General requirements for BIPV modules containing glass panes
CPR Requirement Standards,
guidelines,
Description
test methods
Annex B references standards and
provides information relevant to the
structural integrity of BIPV modules.
see Annex B
Annex C specifies a procedure to test
Mechanical resistance and
see Annex C the thermomechanical resistance of
stability
BIPV modules to partial shading.
see Annex D
Annex D documents further
requirements related to impact
resistance.
Annex A specifies the European
classification standards for reaction to
Safety in case of fire see Annex A fire that shall be used for BIPV modules
instead of the UL 790 methods specified
in EN IEC 61730-1.
PV modules are exempted from RoHS
directive.
Precautions should be taken to prevent
people from hitting their head against
Hygiene, health and the
overhead glazing that is mounted at a
environment
height of less than 2 m above the
relevant ground / floor level. Glass
panes acting as floors or stairs should
have an anti-slip surface.
Annex A specifies safety classes related
to human injury, manual attack, ballistic
Safety and accessibility in use See Annex A
attack and explosion, as applicable to
different mounting categories
Annex A specifies European standards
referring to calculation of Rw, C and Ctr
indices based on acoustic tests
Protection against noise see Annex A according to EN ISO 717, as applicable
to different mounting categories.
Threshold values per building type are
defined in national regulation.
Annex A specifies the European
Energy economy and heat standards addressing energy economy
see Annex A
retention and heat retention for the different
mounting categories.
Environmental Product Declaration
Sustainable use of natural (EPD) with specific category rules for
EN 17074
resources glass in accordance with
EN 15804:2012+A2:2019
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
240 5 Mounting categories
241 Additional requirements on PV modules containing glass panes depend on their type of mounting. This
242 document differentiates five categories - A to E - of mounting according to combinations of the following criteria:
1. integrated into the building envelope: yes (cat. A, B, C, D)

no (cat. E)
2. accessible from underneath/ within: (cat. B, D, E)

no (cat. A, C, E)
3. sloped: yes (cat. A, B, E)
no (cat. C, D, E)
243 NOTE BIPV modules in category E provide an essential function as defined in Clause 3 as part of an additional
244 functional layer of the building, rather than being part of the primary building envelope.
245 A BIPV module is considered to be “not accessible from within the building” if another building product
246 (represented by a dashed line in the pictograms in Table 2) is present, which among other functions prevents:
247 a) the interior surface of the PV module from being touched, and
248 b) large pieces (in case of breakage) falling onto adjacent accessible areas within the building.
249 “Not accessible” implies that safety-in-use hazards (e.g. electrical or mechanical hazards due to broken glass)
250 are not present for people.
251 The definition of “sloped glazing” is derived from EN 13830 and EN 12488 and is illustrated below (see Figure 1).
253 Key
1 vertical glazing
2 angle of glazing considered sloped (absolute slope > 15° from vertical)
3 angle of glazing considered non-sloped (absolute slope ≤ 15° from vertical
254 Expressed alternatively, “non-sloped” refers to the following angles:
255 75° ≤ angle ≤ 90° or 90° ≤ angle ≤ 105° from horizontal.
256 Figure 1 — Angle of glazing considered sloped and non-sloped as per EN 13830 and EN 12488
257 Table 2 presents the five mounting categories for BIPV elements.
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
258 Table 2 — Mounting categories A – E in buildings and construction works
Category A: Sloped, roof-integrated, not
accessible from within the
building/underneath the
construction works
The PV modules are mounted in
the building envelope /
construction works at an angle

to horizontal between 0° and 75°
(see Figure 1) with a barrier
underneath preventing large
pieces of glass falling onto
accessible areas below
Category B: Sloped, roof-integrated,
accessible from within the
building/ underneath the
construction works
The PV modules are mounted in
the building envelope /
construction works at an angle

to horizontal between 0° and 75°
(see Figure 1) without any
barrier layer underneath.
Category C: Non-sloped (vertically)
mounted not accessible from
within the building/next to the
construction works
The PV modules are mounted in
the building envelope /
construction works at an angle

to horizontal between and
including both 75° and 90° (see
Figure 1) with a barrier behind
preventing large pieces of glass
or persons falling to an adjacent
lower area inside the building

Category D: Non-sloped (vertically)
mounted accessible from
within the building/ next to the
construction works
The PV modules are mounted in
the building envelope /
construction works at an angle

to horizontal between and
prEN 50583-1:2023 (E)
including both 75° and 90° (see
Figure 1) without any adjacent
barrier layer.
Category E: Externally integrated,
accessible or not accessible
from within the building
The PV modules are mounted
onto the building and form an
additional functional layer (as
defined in Clause 3) exterior to
its envelope (e.g. balconies,
balustrades, shutters, awnings,
louvres, brise soleil etc.).
259 NOTE The five categories do not indicate a qualitative ranking amongst mounting types but are merely used to
260 differentiate and classify them. Bold lines represent the PV modules in their mounting configuration, dashed lines represent
261 other building products that prevent accessibility to the PV modules.
262 6 Labelling
263 The BIPV module shall be labelled according to EN 50380 including the category of intended mounting as
264 defined in Table 2.
265 7 Documentation and declaration of performance
266 7.1 Data sheet
267 The data sheet information for BIPV modules shall:
268 • conform to EN 50380;
269 • include the information as required for CE marking according to product standards that comply with the
270 CPR (e.g. EN 14449 or EN 1279-5).
271 In addition, the data sheet for PV modules that contain glass panes shall state those categories, together with
272 the title or pictogram as defined in Clause 5, for which the BIPV modules are intended to be used (categories
273 A- E).
274 PV modules that are intended to be used as BIPV modules and that are compliant with the requirements defined
275 in EN 50583-1 shall state this fact either by title or pictogram as defined in Table 2, and shall indicate the
276 categories for which the BIPV modules are intended to be used (categories A- E).
277 7.2 EU Declaration of Conformity and Declaration of Performance
278 In addition to the EU Declaration of Conformity - as required by the LVD 2014/35/EU -, it is also necessary to
279 provide a Declaration of Performance as required by the CPR.
280 The EU Declaration of Conformity shall reference the EN 50583-1 standard. The Declaration of Performance
281 shall reference the EN 14449 or EN
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