EN 16135:2011
(Main)Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)
General Information
- Abstract
This European Standard specifies a method based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the determination of manganese content as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT )) in unleaded petrol from about 2 mg/l to about 8 mg/l. This test method is applicable to unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen, including those with ethanol up to 10 % (V/V).
NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT is added to petrol to increase antiknock properties.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in unleaded petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
NOTE 3 Manganese contents higher than 8 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such procedure.
NOTE 4 Application to the determination of other manganese compounds in unleaded petrol has not been tested.
NOTE 5 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction of a material respectively.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 06-Dec-2011
- Withdrawal Date
- 29-Jun-2012
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 19/WG 27 - Elemental analysis of petroleum and related products
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 07-Feb-2023
- Completion Date
- 23-Sep-2026
Overview
EN 16135:2011 is a European Standard developed by CEN that specifies a reliable analytical method for determining the manganese content in unleaded petrol. The method employs Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) to measure manganese levels, primarily present as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), within a concentration range of approximately 2 mg/l to 8 mg/l. This technique is applicable to unleaded petrol containing up to 3.7% (mass/mass) oxygen and ethanol content up to 10% (volume/volume). Manganese additives such as MMT are used in petrol to improve antiknock properties, enhancing engine performance.
Key Topics
- Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method (FAAS): The standard describes the preparation, calibration, and instrument setup for accurate manganese quantification using FAAS at a wavelength of 279.5 nm.
- Sample Preparation: Petrol samples are diluted with hydrocarbon solvents like kerosene to ensure homogeneity and are analyzed promptly to avoid degradation caused by light exposure.
- Calibration and Quality Control: Multiple calibration solutions with known manganese concentrations are prepared for instrument calibration, alongside quality control samples to verify measurement precision and accuracy.
- Safety Considerations: Handling of volatile solvents and carburant samples involves risks. The document advises users to apply appropriate health and safety measures during sample handling and analysis.
- Analytical Precision: The method emphasizes repeatability and reproducibility, with criteria such as relative standard deviation (RSD) limits below 3% for absorbance measurements ensuring reliable results.
- Limitations: The standard is designed for manganese concentrations up to 8 mg/l. Values exceeding this require dilution with a suitable solvent, though such procedures lack established precision. Additionally, the method is validated specifically for MMT manganese compounds but not other manganese additives.
Applications
EN 16135:2011 is crucial for:
- Fuel Quality Control: Ensures compliance with regulatory manganese content limits in unleaded petrol, supporting manufacturers and laboratories in maintaining fuel standards.
- Regulatory Compliance: Helps stakeholders meet requirements derived from directives such as the amended Fuels Quality Directive by providing an officially recognized test method.
- Additive Monitoring: Enables petrol producers and distributors to monitor MMT manganese levels to optimize antiknock additive performance while preventing excess manganese emissions.
- Research and Development: Supports petroleum and chemical laboratories in studying fuel additives' effects on combustion and emissions through precise manganese determination.
Related Standards
EN 16135:2011 references and aligns with multiple related standards that complement fuel sampling, handling, and analysis protocols:
- EN ISO 648: Laboratory glassware - Single-volume pipettes
- EN ISO 1042: Laboratory glassware - One-mark volumetric flasks
- EN ISO 3170 & EN ISO 3171: Petroleum liquids sampling methods (manual and automatic)
- EN ISO 3675 & EN ISO 12185: Laboratory determination of petrol density using hydrometer and oscillating U-tube methods
These standards establish fundamental procedures and apparatus requirements essential for precise manganese determination according to EN 16135.
EN 16135:2011 delivers a robust, standardized approach for flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of manganese in unleaded petrol, ensuring accuracy, repeatability, and compliance with European fuel quality regulations. By following this standard, laboratories can confidently assess manganese additive concentrations, contributing to improved fuel formulations and regulatory adherence.
Relations
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 16135:2011 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies a method based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the determination of manganese content as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT )) in unleaded petrol from about 2 mg/l to about 8 mg/l. This test method is applicable to unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen, including those with ethanol up to 10 % (V/V). NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT is added to petrol to increase antiknock properties. WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in unleaded petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if samples are exposed to light prior the analysis. NOTE 3 Manganese contents higher than 8 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such procedure. NOTE 4 Application to the determination of other manganese compounds in unleaded petrol has not been tested. NOTE 5 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction of a material respectively.
This European Standard specifies a method based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the determination of manganese content as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT )) in unleaded petrol from about 2 mg/l to about 8 mg/l. This test method is applicable to unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen, including those with ethanol up to 10 % (V/V). NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT is added to petrol to increase antiknock properties. WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in unleaded petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if samples are exposed to light prior the analysis. NOTE 3 Manganese contents higher than 8 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such procedure. NOTE 4 Application to the determination of other manganese compounds in unleaded petrol has not been tested. NOTE 5 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction of a material respectively.
EN 16135:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 16135:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 648:2008, EN ISO 3675:1998, EN ISO 1042:1999, EN ISO 3171:1999, EN ISO 3170:2025, EN ISO 12185:2024, EN 228:2012+A1:2017, EN 228:2012. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 16135:2011 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.RUQHP$6Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangangehalts in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Atomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (AAS)Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de la teneur en mangane dans les essences sans plomb - Méthodes par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique (SAA)Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (AAS)75.160.20Liquid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16135:2011SIST EN 16135:2012en,fr,de01-februar-2012SIST EN 16135:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16135
December 2011 ICS 75.160.20 English Version
Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de la teneur en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique de flamme (FAAS) Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangangehalts in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 October 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16135:2011: ESIST EN 16135:2012
1) MMT is a registered trademark of Ethyl Corporation. SIST EN 16135:2012
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