EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2007
1HRJUHYDQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO=DKWHYH]DNRQVWUXLUDQMHLQSURL]YRGQMRWODþQLK
SRVRGLQWODþQLKGHORYSRVRGHL]QRGXODUQHOLWLQH
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of
pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung
von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 6: Exigences pour la
conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression
moulés en fonte a graphite sphéroidal
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006
ICS:
23.020.30 7ODþQHSRVRGHSOLQVNH Pressure vessels, gas
MHNOHQNH cylinders
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2007
1HRJUHYDQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO=DKWHYH]DNRQVWUXLUDQMHLQSURL]YRGQMRWODþQLK
SRVRGLQWODþQLKGHORYSRVRGHL]VLYHOLWLQHVNURJODVWLPJUDILWRP
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of
pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung
von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 6: Exigences pour la
conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression
moulés en fonte a graphite sphéroidal
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006
ICS:
23.020.30 Tlacne posode, plinske Pressure vessels, gas
jeklenke cylinders
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13445-6:2002/A2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2006
ICS 23.020.30
English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design
and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts
constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die
6: Exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und
récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
This amendment A2 modifies the European Standard EN 13445-6:2002; it was approved by CEN on 11 October 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this
amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols .5
3.1 Terms and definitions .5
3.3 Symbols .6
4 Service conditions.7
4.1 Cyclic loading.8
4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content.8
5 Requirements.9
5.1 Materials .9
5.2 Design .11
5.3 Founding.15
6 Material testing.16
6.1 General.16
6.2 Frequency and number of tests .16
6.3 Chemical analysis.16
6.4 Graphite structure.16
6.5 Inspection documents.17
7 Testing and final assessment.17
7.1 Testing .17
7.2 Final assessment.20
8 Pressure vessels constructed of a combination of parts in different materials.21
9 Marking and documentation.21
9.1 Marking of castings .21
Annex A (normative) Technical data for the design calculations.22
A.1 Purpose.22
A.2 Technical data.22
Annex B (informative) Ductility .24
Annex C (informative) Determination of the minimum local wall thickness and maximum
allowable working pressure.25
Annex D (normative) Assessment of fatigue life.27
D.1 Purpose.27
D.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations .27
D.5 General.27
D.6 Simplified fatigue assessment .28
D.7 Detailed fatigue assessment .31
D.8 Assessment rule for total fatigue damage .35
D.9 Repairs of surface imperfections.35
Annex E (normative) Design by analysis for castings.36
E.1 Introduction.36
E.2 Special requirements to EN 13445-3:2002, Annex B.36
E.3 Additions to EN13445-3:2002, Annex C.37
E.4 Requirements.37
Annex F (informative) Recommendations for in-service validation and inspection.38
F.1 Purpose .38
F.2 Tests during operation.38
F.3 Measures to be taken when the calculated allowable fatigue lifetime has been reached .39
Annex G (normative) Specific design requirements.40
G.1 Scope.40
G.2 Design.40
Annex H (normative) Experimental cyclic pressure testing procedure.42
H.1 Purpose .42
H.2 Validity.42
H.3 Tests requirements .42
H.4 Allowable number of cycles .44
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of the EU Directive 97/23/EC.46
Bibliography.47

Foreword
This document (EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This Amendment to the European Standard EN 13445-6:2002 shall be given the status of a national standard,
either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
This document includes the text of the amendment itself. The corrected pages of EN 13445-6 will be delivered
as issue 23 of the standard.
1 Scope
Replace the Scope with the following text:
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of
pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal
or less than 100 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or
austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to thickness of
flanges, reinforcements, bosses etc.
The allowable grades do not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades for ferritic and austenitic grades, which
are explicitly excluded from this European Standard because of low elongation and brittle material behaviour,
which requires the use of different safety factors and a different approach.
NOTE 1 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grades are principally used for high and low temperature applications
and for their corrosion resistance properties.
NOTE 2 The allowable grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron are listed in Tables 3 and 4. Service conditions are given
in Clause 4.
2 Normative references
Replace the standard paragraph with the following text:
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
Insert the following normative references:
EN 13835:2002, Founding — Austenitic cast irons
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
Delete the following normative reference:
EN 10204:1991, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents

3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
Replace 3.1.1 with the following text:
3.1.1
critical zone
highly stressed area where a fracture is expected to occur in a burst test or where surface fatigue cracks are
expected to be initiated due to fluctuating pressure loads
NOTE 1 Critical zones may occur, for example, by any of the following:
— sudden change in cross section;
— sharp edges;
— sharp radii;
— peak stresses;
— bending stresses;
— stresses due to other than membrane stress;
— changes in curvature.
NOTE 2 A critical zone is analysed by any appropriate method, e.g. holographic, interferometric, strain gauge methods,
burst test, fatigue testing, FEM analysis etc.
NOTE 3 Additionally, thermal gradients and thermal stresses due to different operating wall temperatures need to be
considered in defining critical zones.

Add 3.1.8 and 3.1.9:
3.1.8
ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron
cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite particles)
with a predominantly ferritic matrix
3.1.9
austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite
particles ) with an austenitic matrix and alloyed with nickel and where appropriate, manganese, copper and/or
chromium
3.3 Symbols
Replace the old Table 3.3-1 with new Table 3.3-1:
Table 3.3-1 — Symbols
Symbol Quantity Unit
C Corrosion allowance mm
e Required thickness mm
e Analysis thickness (without corrosion allowance) mm
a
e Actual thickness mm
act
e Minimum thickness including corrosion allowance as mm
min
specified on drawing
E Modulus of elasticity N/mm² or MPa
F Nominal design stress MPa or N/mm²
F Fatigue factor related to 99,8 % survival dimensionless
P Actual burst test pressure N/mm² or MPa
b,act
P Minimum required bursting pressure N/mm² or MPa
b
P Design pressure MPa, N/mm
d
Maximum allowable pressure bar, MPa, N/mm
PS, P
s
RM Material strength parameter N/mm² or MPa
R Minimum 0,2 %-proof strength at room temperature N/mm² or MPa
p0,2
R
m(3) Average tensile strength of 3 test bars taken from the N/mm² or MPa
same lot or heat
TS TS Minimum / maximum allowable temperature °C
min , max
T Calculation temperature °C
V
Internal volume of the vessel l
C  Wall thickness factor dimensionless
e
C Temperature factor dimensionless
t
C  Testing factor dimensionless
Q
N Factor depending on shape of shell dimensionless

f  Thickness correction factor dimensionless
e
f
m Mean stress correction factor dimensionless
f  Surface finish correction factor dimensionless
s
SF Safety factor dimensionless

γγγγ  Partial safety factor dimensionless
R
δ Casting tolerance mm
Ε  Extra thickness due to casting process mm
Poisson’s ratio dimensionless
νν νν
4 Service conditions
Replace Clause 4 with the following text:
4.1 Cyclic loading
Spheroidal graphite cast iron pressure vessels and vessel parts can be used for cyclic operation if the stress
concentration factor is limited to 3. If the calculated number of cycles is close to a limit number of cycles
mentioned in Table 4.1-1 below to determine the need for fatigue analysis, a worst-case model shall be
implemented for this determination.
If it is expected that under service conditions the maximum number of full pressure cycles will exceed the limit
number according to Table 4.1-1, or exceeds more than the equivalent number of cycles with smaller
amplitude, then a fatigue analysis shall be performed according to Annex D.
Table 4.1-1 — Number of full pressure cycles for cyclic loading consideration
Maximum number of full pressure cycles without
Testing factor
mandatory fatigue analysis according to Annex D
C = 0,9 1 000
Q
if stress concentration
40 000
factor ≤ 3
C = 0,8
Q
If stress concentration
200 000
factor ≤ 2,5
NOTE 1 A testing factor of 0,9 implies the application of higher nominal design stresses and consequently results in a
lower maximum number of full pressure cycles without mandatory fatigue analysis.
NOTE 2 A stress concentration factor (ratio of peak stress to fatigue stress) of more than 3, determined by any of the
design methods given in 5.2 can be the result of inappropriate design. By enlarging radii or other small changes, an
acceptable design may be generated.
For pressure cycles at a pressure difference ∆P less than the full pressure, the number of equivalent full
i
cycles is given by Equation (4.1-1):
8,6
i=N
 ∆P 
i
 
n = n ⋅ (4.1-1)
eq i
∑
 
P
 max
i=1
where
N is the total number of envisaged types of pressure cycles with different amplitude;
n is the number of cycles of amplitude ∆P;
i
∆P is the pressure cycle amplitude;
i
P is the maximum permissible pressure, as defined in 3.15 of EN 13445-3:2002.
max
4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content
The minimum and maximum allowable temperatures TS and TS shall be in accordance with the limits
min max
given in Tables 5.1-1 and 5.1-2.
The product PS · V for a single casting shall not exceed 10 000 MPa·l (100 000 bar·l).

5 Requirements
5.1 Materials
Replace 5.1 with the following text:
All cast iron grades subject to internal or external pressure shall comply with EN 1563 for ferritic spheroidal
graphite cast iron and EN 13835 for austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron.
The ferritic material grades given in Table 5.1-1 shall be used for applications where the minimum allowable
°
temperature is higher or equal to – 10 C.
The material grades listed in Table 5.1-2 are intended for low temperature or high temperature design
conditions.
Table 5.1-1 — Allowable material grades for usual design temperatures (-10 °C up to 300 °C)
b
Material standard Design temperature limits
Material designation
°C
Symbol Number
EN-GJS-350-22 EN-JS1010 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJS-350-22-RT EN-JS1014
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22 U EN-JS1032
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22U-RT EN-JS1029 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN 1563
EN-GJS-400-18 EN-JS1020 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJS-400-18-RT EN-JS1024
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U EN-JS1062 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U-RT EN-JS1059 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
Mechanical properties verified on test pieces from cast-on samples. These grades should be chosen in preference to the material
grades with the separately cast samples when the unit mass of the casting is equal to or greater than 2 000 kg or when the relevant wall
thickness varies between 30 mm and 200 mm.
The material grades listed in Table 5.1-1 and Table 5.1-2 may be produced in the as-cast or heat treated condition (see EN 1563:1997,
Clause 6).
b
When materials specified in these tables are not available, other suitable materials may be used when the technical documentation
defining the characteristics of the materials has been accepted in accordance with the requirements for European approval for materials
(EAM) or particular material appraisal (PMA).

Table 5.1-2 — Allowable material grades for low or high temperature design conditions
b
Material designation
Design temperature limits
Material standard
°C
Symbol Number
EN-GJS-350-22-LT EN-JS1015 -40 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22U-LT EN-JS1019
-40 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN 1563
EN-GJS-400-18-LT EN-JS1025 -20 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT EN-JS1049 -20 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4 EN-JS3021 -196 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN 13835 EN-GJSA-XNi22 EN-JS3041
-40 ≤ TS ≤ 540
EN-GJSA-XNiMn13-7 EN-JS3071 -40 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
Mechanical properties verified on test pieces from cast-on samples. These grades should be chosen in preference to the
material grades with the separately cast samples when the unit mass of the casting is equal to or greater than 2 000 kg or
when the relevant wall thickness varies between 30 mm and 200 mm.
The material grades listed in Table 5.1-1 and Table 5.1-2 may be produced in the as-cast or heat treated condition (see
EN 1563:1997, Clause 6 and EN 13835:2002, Clause 6).
b
When materials specified in these tables are not available, other suitable materials may be used when the technical
documentation defining the characteristics of the materials has been accepted in accordance with the requirements for
European approval for materials (EAM) or particular material appraisal (PMA).

Material grades EN-GJS-350-22-LT or EN-GJS-350-22U-LT can be used at design temperatures down to –
60 °C. When used between (-40 ± 2) °C and (-60 ± 2) °C, impact testing at the minimum design temperature
shall be:
• mean value from 3 tests 12 J for t ≤ 60 mm;
• 10 J for 60 mm ≤ t ≤ 200 mm;
• individual value 9 J for t ≤ 60 mm and 7 J for 60 mm ≤ t ≤ 200 mm.
The applicable requirements for the delivery conditions given in EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3 shall also apply.
NOTE The use of materials working in the creep domain is not applicable to this standard since stress ranges are
limited to elastic behaviour.
5.2 Design
Replace 5.2.1 with the following text:
5.2.1 Technical documentation
The manufacturer shall document those items listed in Clause 5 of EN 13445-5:2002 prior to fabrication.
5.2.2 Design methods
Replace 5.2.2.1 with the following text:
5.2.2.1 General
5.2.2.1.1 Principle
The loadings to be accounted for shall be in accordance with EN 13445-3:2002, Clause 5.
The service conditions of Clause 4 shall be accounted for.
Design methods shall be in accordance with this European Standard and, when applicable, with the relevant
clauses of EN 13445-3.
If the geometry of the component or the loading case do not allow calculation by the formulas given in
EN 13445-3 and Annex G, design by analysis (DBA) (see Annex E) or design by experiment (DBE) shall be
applied.
Depending on the complexity of the component, the loading conditions and the level of NDT testing, the
designer may choose one of the following available design methods mentioned below. Guidance is given on
the correlation between safety factor, testing factor and the method to assess dynamic loading (see
Table 5.2-1).
5.2.2.1.2 Static loading
In order to design the part for static loading, the following options can be considered by the designer.
5.2.2.1.3 Design by formula (DBF)
Equations for the calculation of the various components of the pressure part are given in EN 13445-3 and
Annex G. Annex G gives additional equations for non-standard shaped parts often used in casting design.
5.2.2.1.4 Design by analysis (DBA)
The following applies:
1) decide whether the direct route (limit load – EN 13445-3:2002, Annex B) or the stress
categorisation method (EN 13445-3:2002, Annex C) will be followed. Decide whether linear or non-
linear approach will be used;
2) base modelling and interpretation of calculation results shall be based on analysis thicknesses
(e ) and material characteristics at operation temperature;
a
3) for interpretation of calculation results, follow the evaluation procedures and assessment criteria
in order to evaluate the fitness for purpose of the real structure. These design checks and related
procedures are typical for the failure mode to be dealt with. For the different failure modes see
EN 13445-3.
5.2.2.1.5 Design by experiment (DBE)
Where design by equations according to EN 13445-3 is not considered appropriate due to complex shape of
the component, then a hydraulic burst test to determine the analysis thickness e and the minimum thickness
a
e shall be performed according to the procedure in 5.2.3. This test is also a part of the technical
min
documentation.
This design method may be used without additional calculations if P · V < 600 MPa·l (6 000 bar·l).
d
If P · V > 600 MPa·l (6 000 bar·l) for the complete vessel, this method can be used in addition to DBA or DBF.
d
The minimum required thickness at a specific location is given by:
1 / n
 
SF ⋅ PS ⋅ R
m (3)
 
e = e ⋅ (5.2-1)
a act
 
P ⋅ R ⋅C ⋅C ⋅C
b,act p0,2 Q t e
 
e ≥ e + c (5.2-2)
min a
where
e is the minimum measured wall thickness at the specific location;
act.
R is in accordance with Annex A;
p0,2
P is the actual obtained value of burst pressure or the highest pressure during the test;
b,act
n = 1 for curved surfaces (cylinders, spheres) or cones with angles α ≤ 60°, stayed surfaces and
stressed parts if bending stress is less than 2/3 of the total stress;
n = 2 for all other surfaces.
5.2.2.1.6 Determination of the hydraulic burst pressure and maximum allowable pressure for static
loading
A random sample from the production of the vessel or vessel part shall be taken for the burst test or to
determine the maximum allowable working conditions. The procedure shall be as follows:
1) verify that the part or vessel to be tested is cast according to the specified drawing and any revision
thereof. The material used shall be the same type and grade as for the production part;
2) verify that the part or vessel is machined to the same dimensions as the production part;
3) verify that the material properties meet the requirements of 5.1. For each casting used for the burst
test, 3 test pieces for tensile testing, and, if applicable, for impact testing, shall be separately cast
and tested. The results and the calculated average tensile strength shall be certified in accordance
with 6.5;
4) the wall thicknesses of the entire casting shall be measured (at least one measurement per
100 mm x 100 mm). The results shall be marked on the casting at the location of the measurement
or on the drawing;
5) verify that a calibrated pressure gauge is used; maximum tolerance shall conform to at least class 1
or better according to EN 837-1 and EN 837-3. The scale of the pressure gauge shall be
approximately 4/3 of the anticipated burst pressure;
6) the pressure shall be increased in a controlled manner until the minimum required burst pressure is
obtained:
n
R
 
e
m(3)
act
 
P ≥ PS ⋅ (5.2-4)
b
 
f e − c
 min 
The pressure shall be increased further in a controlled manner until rupture occurs. Record burst
pressure P , test date, material specification, details of material, part number, and wall thickness
b,act
e measured at burst location. A relation with the actual burst pressure P , which can be higher
act b,act
than P on account of a better stress distribution, and the maximum allowable pressure PS, can be
b
deducted according the converted Equation 5.2-4, replacing P by P
b b,act
n
 e − c
f
min
 
PS ≤ P ⋅ (5.2-5)
b,act
 
R e
m(3) act 
7) if a part fails to meet any of those requirements, a second identical production part may undergo the
same test procedure. If this second part meets the test requirements, this part may be accepted after
investigation of the cause of failure of the first part. If the second part does not meet the test
requirements, the design of the part shall be deemed not to conform to the specification;
8) during the burst test, it is acceptable for leaks and lack of pressure tightness to occur between
flanged, gasketted or bolted parts as long as the pressure P can be reached during the test. It is
b
acceptable for gasket(s) to break during the burst test; their characteristics may be modified without
unduly changing flange load properties as long as their design meets the design rules of
EN 13445-3 for the anticipated maximum allowable pressure P ;
s
9) only for the test, bolts of higher mechanical strength than required by the design specification may be
accepted;
10) when flanged connections are designed according to the requirements of EN 13445-3 with respect to
minimum required thickness, minimum required bolt area and shape, it is acceptable, in order to
reach burst test pressure, to install extra bolts in addition to the number specified for production;
11) the rupture under test pressure or any hydraulic test shall not be performed by means of a
construction on a hydraulic press that can counteract the free shell bending under pressure.
5.2.2.1.7 Dynamic loading
If the number of full pressure cycles or equivalent full pressure cycles according to Equation (4.1-1) exceeds
the number of full pressure cycles for static loading considered in Table 4.1-1, a fatigue assessment of the
complete design is required. In order to design the part for dynamic loading, the following options can be
considered by the designer.
5.2.2.1.8 Simplified fatigue assessment (SFA)
A simplified fatigue assessment will return a maximum allowable number of equivalent pressure fluctuations
under service conditions. The assessment shall be performed according to Annex D.
A maximum stress concentration factor of 3 is pre-supposed.
5.2.2.1.9 Detailed fatigue assessment (DFA)
A detailed fatigue assessment returns a value of maximum allowable number of equivalent pressure
fluctuations using detailed stress analysis in service conditions. The assessment shall be performed according
to Annex D.
5.2.2.1.10 Experimental fatigue assessment (EFA)
This method, as described in Annex H, shall be used if a theoretical stress analysis is inadequate or for which
the design analysis shows abnormal low fatigue life values indicating a too conservative approach by theory.
An evaluation of a part by experimental fatigue design is not required when a similar part underwent already
such a fatigue assessment and the data are available and transposable into the new design.
Cyclic loading shall be in accordance with EN 13445-3:2002, 5.3.
This method does not take into account excessive wall thickness of the material, linings and all material, which
does not contribute to strength.
NOTE For vessels for which P · V ≥ 600 MPa·l this experimental method may be used in addition to detailed fatigue
d
design.
Table 5.2-1 — Determination of safety factor, testing factor and design method
Design method Design assessment
Non destructive
Safety factor SF Testing factor C
Q
testing
Static loading dynamic loading
SFA
Not required 3,0 0,8 DFA
DBF
EFA
DBA
a
(SFA)
DBE
Required 2,0 0,9
DFA
EFA
NOTE: DBF = design by formula
DBA = design by analysis
DBE = design by experiment
SFA = simplified fatigue analysis
DFA = detailed fatigue analysis
EFA = experimental fatigue analysis
a
not recommended where
5.2.2.2 Design conditions
Add a new first sentence and replace Equation (5.2-1) with the following text:
The design stress for ferritic and for austenitic grades shall be calculated as follows:
R ⋅C ⋅C ⋅C
p0,2 T Q e
f = (5.2-1)
SF
Replace Equations (5.2-3) to (5.2-7) inclusive with the following text:
The temperature reduction factor C is:
T
for ferritic grades
C = 1 for T ≤ 20 °C (5.2-3)
T
C = 1 – 0,001 (T – 20) for 20 °C < T ≤ 200 °C (5.2-4)
T
C = 0,82 for 200 °C < T ≤ 300 °C (5.2-5)
T
and for austenitic grades
C = 1 for T ≤ 20 °C (5.2-6)
T
C = 1 – 0,000 5 (T – 20) for 20 °C < T ≤ 540 °C (5.2-7)
T
Delete the NOTE at the end of 5.2.2.2.

Add 5.2.2.6 with the following text.
5.2.2.6 Fillet radius
The largest possible fillet radius shall be used for walls under internal or external pressure in accordance with
good foundry practice (fabrication tolerances are to be taken into account). Good foundry practice makes it
sometimes necessary to increase wall thickness and to choose a corresponding fillet radius. Parts cast
according to this European Standard therefore exhibit enhanced fatigue properties. It is important to verify that
local stresses never exceed the maximum permissible values, especially at changes in section thickness or at
change in radii.
If it is not possible, for any reason, to avoid sudden changes in cross-section area, and the pressure bearing
wall is subject to cyclic loading, a taper of maximum ratio 1:3 from the thin wall to the thick wall shall be
included.
All radii applied to a vessel part, including external cast lugs, support feet, etc. shall be greater than or equal
to 1,5 times the thickness of the thinnest adjacent wall.
If, for any reason, a smaller radius is applied (as cast or after machining), the design verification shall be made
by DBA.
Delete 5.2.3 and 5.2.4 in their entireties.

5.3 Founding
Replace 5.3.2 with the following text:
5.3.2 Welding
No production, repair or cosmetic welding shall be carried out on cast iron parts both in ferritic or austenitic
grades, which are manufactured according to this European Standard.

Rename the title of Clause 6 and replace Clause 6 with the following text:
6 Material testing
6.1 General
All material tests as required by EN 1563 or EN 13835 shall be performed.
6.2 Frequency and number of tests
For each batch the amount of testing shall be, on each ladle treated for spheroidization or each heat treatment
batch:
 chemical analysis;
 one tensile test;
 one hardness test;
 impact testing, when required by material specification (consisting of 3 test pieces).
If the spheroidizing treatment is carried out in the mould, the same amount of testing for each 2 500 kg cast
weight of identical parts produced during the same day shall be carried out.
For series production of RT grades according to Table 5.1-1, the amount of impact testing can be reduced to
one test per day on the ladle with the highest silicon content.
The separately cast or cast–on test pieces shall be chosen according to EN 1563 or EN 13835. The test
sample size shall represent the wall thickness of the part (see EN 1563 or EN 13835 for size determination).
NOTE Cast-on test pieces are representative of the castings to which they are attached and their size depends on
the relevant wall thickness of the casting.
6.3 Chemical analysis
The methods used to determine the chemical composition of the material shall be in accordance with
recognised standards.
For ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron the following elements shall be analysed: C, Si, Mn, P, S and Mg.
For austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron the following elements shall be analysed: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Mg, Cu
and Ni.
6.4 Graphite structure
Graphite morphology of the material shall comply with form VI and V in accordance with EN ISO 945. The
verification of nodularity shall preferably be carried out either by microscopic examination or by an ultrasonic
method. Visual or computerised and/or automated methods are allowed.
When the ultrasonic method is used, the ultrasonic velocity shall be a minimum of 5 460 m/s using a
calibrated measuring device. If the velocity is less than 5 460 m/s, the nodularity may still be verified and
approved using the microscopic method on the worst test specimen. If the spheroidization is found
acceptable, the material is approved. When ultrasonic examination is used, the verification shall be carried out
on the last cast metal of each ladle.
6.5 Inspection documents
Inspection documents shall be in accordance with EN 764-5:1999, 4.3.3.

Replace Clause 7 with the following text:
7 Testing and final assessment
7.1 Testing
7.1.1 General
All material tests of cast vessels and vessel parts, manufactured according to this part, shall be in accordance
with Table 7.1-1 and Table 7.1-2.
Table 7.1-1 — Summary of testing requirements
Ultra sonic Wall
Magnetic
Testing factor
testing/ Visual thickness
particle Sectioning
radiographic inspection measure-
CQ
inspection
testing ment
0,8 - + + + +
Initial sample
0,9 + + + + +
0,8 - + (10 %) - + +
0-serie: pre-
production
0,9 + + + (1 part) + +
0,8 - - - + +
Serial production
0,9 + - - + +
NOTE + = required, - = not required

7.1.2 Testing requirements for C = 0,8
Q
Testing shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements and adopting the acceptance criteria given in
Table 7.1-2 for surface imperfections only.
7.1.3 Testing requirements for C = 0,9
Q
 At non critical zones: testing same as for C = 0,8 as given in 7.1.2;
Q
 at critical zones: all castings shall be subjected to a magnetic particle inspection of all critical zones as
indicated on the drawing, without revealing any unacceptable imperfection.
The last casting representing a batch of castings made from the same ladle or during the same day shall be
b
subjected to a radiographic examination or equivalent (see footnote in Table 7.1-2) of a zone indicated on
the drawing, without revealing any unacceptable imperfections.
Table 7.1-2 — Testing according testing factor
Testing factor
C = 0,8 C = 0,9
Q Q
Complete part
Location Non critical zone Critical zone
Surface imperfections
Requirement See 7.1.4
Cracks, laps, cold shot and non-fused chaplets are not permitted. See 7.1.5
Testing method Visual (both for C = 0,8 and C = 0,9)
Q Q
Testing frequency 100%
Imperfections close to the surface
Requirement No requirement No requirement See 7.1.7
Testing method Not applicable. Not applicable. Magnetic particle testing for
ferritic grades.
Dye penetrant testing for
austenitic grades.
Testing frequency Not applicable. Not applicable. 100 %
Internal imperfections (micro and macro porosity)
Requirement See 7.1.6 See 7.1.6 See 7.1.9
(EN 12680-3, severity level 3) (EN 12680-3, severity level 3)
b
Testing method Ultrasonic testing/ sectioning Ultrasonic testing/ sectioning Radiographic testing
Testing frequency Initial samples Initial samples Initial samples
Random sampling production Random sampling production Last casting of each batch
a a
series series
a
According to agreement between the parties concerned.
b
Ultrasonic testing of castings may substitute radiographic testing following an agreement between the parties concerned.

7.1.4 Surface imperfections
Sand inclusions, slag inclusions and blowholes shall be limited as follows.
For C = 0,8 and C =0,9 - non critical zone:
Q Q
A maximum of five imperfections in a square 100 mm x 100 mm facing inwards or outwards shall be accepted.
None of these shall cover an area larger than 100 mm² and the total area of the imperfections shall not
exceed 200 mm².
The maximum permissible depth of an imperfection is such that the minimum wall thickness is maintained.
Grinding of such surface imperfections is permitted down to the minimum wall thickness indicated on the
drawing.
C = 0,9 - critical zone:
Q
No imperfections are permitted within the critical zone. Grinding of surface imperfections is permitted down to
the minimum dimensions as indicated on the drawing, provided no stress concentration occurs.
7.1.5 Cracks, laps, cold shut and non-fused chaplets
No visible cracks, laps, cold shuts or non-fused chaplets are permitted.
In case of doubt about the severity of the imperfection, liquid penetrant inspection according to EN 1371-1 can
be necessary.
7.1.6 Ultrasonic testing and/or sectioning
The ultrasonic testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12680-3.
If ultrasonic testing is not feasible, sectioning shall be carried out to visually detect internal imperfections.
Imperfections shall not be permitted on the main pressure bearing part (casting section with minimum required
wall thickness specified on the drawing). However, micro shrinkage (centreline porosity) is permitted provided
that al
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