EN ISO 10993-10:1995

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2000
%LRORãNRRYUHGQRWHQMHPHGLFLQVNLKSULSRPRþNRYGHO3UHVNXVLGUDåHQMDLQ
REþXWOMLYRVWLVHQ]LELOL]DFLMH,62
Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 10: Tests for irritation and sensitization
(ISO 10993-10:1995)
Biologische Beurteilung von Medizinprodukten - Teil 10: Prüfungen auf Irritation und
Sensibilisierung (ISO 10993-10:1995)
Evaluation biologique des dispositifs médicaux - Partie 10: Essais d'irritation et de
sensibilisation (ISO 10993-10:1995)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10993-10:1995
ICS:
11.100.20 %LRORãNRRYUHGQRWHQMH Biological evaluation of
PHGLFLQVNLKSULSRPRþNRY medical devices
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL IS0
STANDARD 10993-10
First edition
1995-03-I 5
Biological evaluation of medical devices -
Part 10:
Tests for irritation and sensitization
ivaluation biologique des dispositifs mkdicaux -
Partie IO: Essais d ‘irrita tion et de sensibilisa tion
Reference number
IS0 10993-I 0:1995(E)
IS0 10993-10:1995(E)
Contents
Page
..............................................................................................
1 Scope
.....................................................................
2 Normative references
.......................................................................................
3 Definitions
....................................
4 General principles, step-wise approach
............................................................................
5 Irritation tests
.... 2
5.1 Factors to be considered in design and selection of tests
...................................................................
5.2 Skin irritation test
................................................................
5.3 Ocular irritation test
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Intracutaneous (intradermal) reactivity test
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.
6 Sensitization tests
. . 10
6.1 Factors to be considered in design and selection of tests
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Maximization sensitization test
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Closed patch sensitization test
Annexes
.......................................
A Preparation of materials for testing
......... 17
B Method for extraction of materials for biological tests
..........................................................
C Animals and husbandry
........................................................
D Additional irritation tests
.........................................................
E Background information
............................................................................
F Bibliography
0 IS0 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
0 IS0 IS0 10993-10:1995(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 10993-10 was prepared by Technical Commit-
tee lSO/TC 194, Biological evaluation of medical devices.
IS0 10993 consists of the following parts, under the general title Biological
evaluation of medical devices:
- Part 1: Guidance on selection of tests
- Part 2: Animal welfare requirements
- Part 3: Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive
toxicity
- Part 4: Selection of tests for interactions with blood
- Part 5: Tests for cytotoxicity: in vitro methods
- Part 6: Tests for local effects after implantation
- Part 7: Ethylene oxide sterilization residuals
- Part 9: Degradation of materials related to biological testing
[Technical Report]
- Part IO: Tests for irritation and sensitization
- Part 1 I: Tests for systemic toxicity
- Part 12: Sample preparation and reference materials
- Part 13: Identification and quantification of degradation products
from polymers
. . .
III
0 IS0
IS0 10993-10:1995(E)
- Part 14: /den tifica tion and quantification of degradation products
from ceramics
- Part 15: /den tification and quantification of degradation products
from coated and uncoated metals and alloys
- Part 16: General guidance on toxicokinetic study design for degra-
dation products and leachables
- Part 17: Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde residues in industrially
sterilized medical devices
Future parts will deal with other relevant aspects of biological testing.
This part of IS0 10993 is a harmonization of numerous standards and
guidelines, including BS 5736, OECD Guidelines, U.S. Pharmacopeia and
the European Pharmacopoeia. It is intended to be the overall guidance
document for the selection and conduct of tests enabling evaluation of ir-
ritation and senitization responses relevant to material and device safety.
Annexes A, B and C form an integral part of this part of IS0 10993. An-
nexes D, E and F are for information only.

0 IS0 IS0 10993-10:1995(E)
Introduction
This part of IS0 10993 assesses possible contact hazards from device-
released chemicals that may produce skin and mucosal irritation, eye irri-
tation, and delayed contact sensitization.
Some materials that are included in these devices have been tested, and
their skin or mucosal irritation or sensitization potential has been docu-
mented. Other materials and their chemical components have not been
tested and may act differently when exposed to biological tissues. It is
incumbent upon the manufacturer to evaluate each device for its human
toxic potential prior to marketing.
Traditionally, small animal tests are performed prior to human testing to
help predict human response. More recently, in vitro tests have been
added as an alternative. Despite progress and considerable effort in this
direction, a review of findings suggests that currently no satisfactory in
vitro test has been devised to eliminate the requirement for in vivo testing.
Where appropriate, the preliminary use of in vitro methods is encouraged
as screening tests prior to animal testing. In order to reduce the number
of animals used, these standards use a step-wise approach with review
and analysis of test results at each stage.
It is incumbent upon the investigator to conduct these studies using good
scientific laboratory practices, complying with regulations related to animal
welfare. Since the number of animals is restricted, the data obtained may
be insufficient to warrant the application of statistics.

This page intentionally left blank

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 IS0 IS0 10993-10:1995(E)
Biological evaluation of medical devices -
Part 10:
Tests for irritation and sensitization
IS0 10993-I : 1992, Biological evaluation of medical
1 Scope
devices - Part 7: Guidance on selection of tests.
This part of IS0 10993 describes test methods:
I so 10993-I 2:--l), Biological evaluation of medical
devices
- Part 12: Sample preparation and reference
a) to evaluate the potential of devices and their con-
materials.
stituent materials to produce irritation; and
to evaluate the potential of devices and their con-
b)
stituent materials to produce sensitization.
3 Definitions
These test methods are recommended for most cat-
For the purposes of this part of IS0 10993, the defi-
egories of device and mode of body contact given in
nitions given in IS0 10993-I and the following defi-
IS0 10993-I. Of the tests listed, those appropriate to
nitions apply.
the end use of the device are to be selected. Guid-
ance is also given for the preparation of materials
3.1 (allergic contact) sensitization; delayed con-
specifically in relation to the above tests.
tact hypersensitivity: Allergic response involving
immunological systems that have been activated by
NOTE 1 Guidance on the conduct of supplementary tests
pnor exposure.
which may be required specifically for use in the oral, rectal,
penile and vaginal areas is given in annex D.
3.2 irritation: Localized inflammatory response to
single, repeated or continuous application of the test
substance, without involvement of an immunological
mechanism.
2 Normative references
3.3 oedema: Swelling due to abnormal infiltration
of fluid into the tissues.
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
3.4 erythema: Reddening of the skin or mucous
of this part of IS0 10993. At the time of publication,
membrane.
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
3.5 eschar: Scab or discoloured slough of skin.
on this part of IS0 10993 are encouraged to investi-
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of 3.6 corrosion: Production of irreversible tissue
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid damage at the site of contact with the skin following
International Standards. the application of a test substance.
1) To be published.
Q IS0
IS0 10993=10:1995(E)
sensitizers; guidance is therefore provided only in the
3.7 ulceration: Open sore representing loss of
conduct of in viva tests in species other than humans.
superficial tissue.
It is not necessary to use positive controls in every in
38 . necrosis: Death of cells and/or tissues.
vivo test. A positive control should be run periodically
to validate the test system and demonstrate a positive
3.9 negative control: Substance that closely re-
response.
sembles the test substance in form and, when tested
in accordance with this part of IS0 10993, is neither
If assessment is not possible using the above stages,
an irritant nor a sensitizer.
consideration should be given to non-invasive testing
in humans.
3.10 positive control: Substance that, when tested
in accordance with this part of IS0 10993, gives a re-
producible irritation or sensitization response.
5 Irritation tests
3.11 solvent: Substance (chemical, vehicle, me-
dium, etc.) used to moisten, dilute, suspend, extract
51 . Factors to be considered in design and
or dissolve the test substance.
selection of tests
3.12 reagent control: Solvent used to moisten, di-
Factors affecting the results of irritation studies in-
lute, suspend, extract or dissolve the test substance,
clude
which is evaluated concurrently with the moistened,
diluted, suspended, extracted or dissolved test sub-
the patch test unit;
a)
stance.
b) the degree of occlusion;
application of the test substance;
d
4 General principles, step-wise approach
d) the application site;
This part of IS0 10993 advocates a step-wise ap-
proach which may include any or all of the following:
e) the duration of exposure; and
literature review;
a)
the techniques used in evaluating the test.
f 1
in vitro tests (if available and when validated);
b)
Additional background information is provided in an-
nex E.
in viva tests;
d
While increased flexibility will allow the investigator
non-invasive human tests/clinical trials.
d)
to enhance the sensitivity of the test to suit conditions
of use and population exposure, consistency in pro-
The first stage is a literature review and shall include
cedure contributes to comparability of test results
an evaluation of chemical and physical properties, and
with different materials and from different labora-
information on structually related chemicals and ma-
tories.
terials. If not already known, the pH and pKa of the
material (liquid, solution or extracts of materials) shall
Provisions have been included in the test procedures
be measured prior to any in vivo or in vitro testing.
for evaluation of devices and materials that will have
repeated and/or prolonged exposure. The investigator,
The second stage provides for in vitro assessments.
in consultation with the device manufacturer, should
These should always be considered in preference to
design the study to exaggerate the anticipated con-
in vivo tests and should replace these as new in vitro
tact (time and/or concentration) in the clinical situ-
methods become available and validated.
ation. While use of an exaggerated concentration or
At the third stage acute in viva studies are undertaken extract of the material is acceptable, this should be
to test for materials not already classified as severe borne in mind during interpretation of the results.
irritants or strong sensitizers by stages a) or b). Ma-
For products intended to be used extensively on
terials that do no
...