ASTM D1655-23a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
ABSTRACT
This specification covers purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation turbine engines, but rather, defines the following specific types of aviation fuel for civil use: Jet A; and Jet A-1. The fuels shall be sampled and tested appropriately to examine their conformance to detailed requirements as to composition, volatility, fluidity, combustion, corrosion, thermal stability, contaminants, and additives.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract.
1.2 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists acceptable additives for use in civil and military operated engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed initially for civil applications, but has also been adopted for military aircraft. Guidance information regarding the use of Jet A and Jet A-1 in specialized applications is available in the appendix.
1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel.
1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1655 − 23a
Standard Specification for
Aviation Turbine Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
fuel under contract.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This specification defines the minimum property re-
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
quirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
acceptable additives for use in civil and military operated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
initially for civil applications, but has also been adopted for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
military aircraft. Guidance information regarding the use of Jet
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
A and Jet A-1 in specialized applications is available in the
appendix.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describ-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
in the distribution system continues to comply with this
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
specification after batch certification. Such procedures are
Closed Cup Tester
defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Stan-
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
dard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions
ration
of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
characteristics than is shown by this specification.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
designed and certified for this fuel.
Method)
1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specifi-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
cation D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specifica-
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
tion for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and
standard. However, other units of measurement are included in
Aviation Turbine Fuel
this standard.
D1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D1655 – 23. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1655-23A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1655 − 23a
Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992) tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Avia- D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active
tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-
Fuel by Line Sampling
tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
Evaluator (BOCLE)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
and Distillate Fuels
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in
(Automatic Phase Transition Method)
Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-
(Potentiometric Method)
carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Turbine Fuels
Method with Refractive Index Detection
D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel
Aviation Turbine Fuels
Systems
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
Fuel
tion of Aviation Fuels
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100)
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
for Middle Distillate Fuels
Cup Tester
D6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-
of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar-
acteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom-
bon Analysis
eter
D6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
D4054 Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
Fuels and Fuel Additives
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Kinematic Viscosity)
Petroleum Products
D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
(Automatic Laser Method)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
Fuels, and Lubricants
(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-
D7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Fixed Range Injec-
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
Method (Withdrawn 2019)
trometry
D7224 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
acteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Con-
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
taining Additives by Portable Separometer
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
D7236 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
tion of Aviation Fuels
Cup Tester (Ramp Method)
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage
D7344 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Variable Equation
and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
lation Method)
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
D7524 Test Method for Determination of Static Dissipater
Method)
Additives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and Middle
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
Distillate Fuels—High Performance Liquid Chromato-
graph (HPLC) Method
D7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Synthesized Hydrocarbons
D1655 − 23a
D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in IP 156 Petroleum products and related materials—
Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Determination of hydrocarbon types—Fluorescent indica-
Counter
tor adsorption method
D7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane
IP 160 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products—
Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and
Laboratory determination of density—Hydrometer
Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion
method
Chamber Method
IP 170 Determination of flash point—Abel closed-cup
D7797 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid
method
Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using
IP 216 Particulate contaminant in aviation fuel
Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared
IP 225 Copper content of aviation turbine fuel
Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
IP 227 Silver corrosion of aviation turbine fuel
D7872 Test Method for Determining the Concentration of
IP 274 Determination of electrical conductivity of aviation
Pipeline Drag Reducer Additive in Aviation Turbine Fuels
and distillate fuels
D7945 Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity
IP 323 Determination of thermal oxidation stability of gas
and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant
turbine fuels
Pressure Viscometer
IP 336 Petroleum products—Determination of sulfur
D7959 Test Method for Chloride Content Determination of
content—Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method
Aviation Turbine Fuels using Chloride Test Strip
IP 342 Petroleum products—Determination of thiol (mer-
D8073 Test Method for Determination of Water Separation
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale captan) sulfur in light and middle distillate fuels—
Water Separation Instrument Potentiometric method
D8148 Test Method for Spectroscopic Determination of
IP 354 Determination of the acid number of aviation fuels—
Haze in Fuels
Colour-indicator titration method
D8183 Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane
IP 365 Crude petroleum and petroleum products—
Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils using a Constant
Determination of density—Oscillating U-tube method
Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibra-
IP 406 Petroleum products—Determination of boiling range
tion Method
distribution by gas chromatography
D8267 Test Method for Determination of Total Aromatic,
IP 423 Determination of particulate contamination in avia-
Monoaromatic and Diaromatic Content of Aviation Tur-
tion turbine fuels by laboratory filtration
bine Fuels Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum
IP 435 Determination of the freezing point of aviation tur-
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-
bine fuels by the automatic phase transition method
VUV)
IP 436 Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in
D8305 Test Method for The Determination of Total Aro-
aviation fuels and petroleum distillates—High perfor-
matic Hydrocarbons and Total Polynuclear Aromatic Hy-
mance liquid chromatography method with refractive
drocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels and other Kerosene
index detection
Range Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
IP 523 Determination of flash point—Rapid equilibrium
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
closed cup method
Determine Conformance with Specifications
IP 528 Determination for the freezing point of aviation
2.2 EI Standards:
turbine fuels—Automatic fibre optic method
EI 1550 Handbook on equipment used for the maintenance
and delivery of clean aviation fuel IP 529 Determination of the freezing point of aviation tur-
EI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levels bine fuels—Automatic laser method
for aviation fuel filter monitors
IP 534 Determination of flash point – Small scale closed cup
EI/JIG 1530 Quality assurance requirements for the
ramp method
manufacture, storage and distribution of aviation fuels to
IP 540 Determination of the existent gum content of aviation
airports
turbine fuel—Jet evaporation method
IP 12 Determination of specific energy
IP 564 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation
IP 16 Determination of freezing point of aviation fuels—
turbine fuel—Laboratory automatic particle counter
Manual method
method
IP 71 Section 1 Petroleum products—Transparent and
IP 565 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation
opaque liquids—Determination of kinematic viscosity and
turbine fuel—Portable automatic particle counter method
calculation of dynamic viscosity
IP 577 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation
IP 123 Petroleum products—Determination of distillation
turbine fuel—Automatic particle
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1655 − 23 D1655 − 23a
Standard Specification for
Aviation Turbine Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel
under contract.
1.2 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists acceptable
additives for use in civil and military operated engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed initially for civil
applications, but has also been adopted for military aircraft. Guidance information regarding the use of Jet A and Jet A-1 in
specialized applications is available in the appendix.
1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft.
However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the
distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for
example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use
may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.
1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and
certified for this fuel.
1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness
Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for
Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.
Current edition approved July 1, 2023Oct. 1, 2023. Published August 2023October 2023. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20222023 as
D1655 – 22a.D1655 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/D1655-23.10.1520/D1655-23A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1655 − 23a
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel
D1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992)
D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric
Method)
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine Fuels
D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4054 Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator
(BOCLE)
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High
Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
D1655 − 23a
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis
D6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion
in a Constant Volume Chamber
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic
Viscosity)
D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Fiber Optical Method)
D7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Fixed Range Injection Period,
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method (Withdrawn 2019)
D7224 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing
Additives by Portable Separometer
D7236 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester (Ramp Method)
D7344 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation
Method)
D7524 Test Method for Determination of Static Dissipater Additives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and Middle Distillate
Fuels—High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) Method
D7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
D7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion
Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
D7797 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis
by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
D7872 Test Method for Determining the Concentration of Pipeline Drag Reducer Additive in Aviation Turbine Fuels
D7945 Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure
Viscometer
D7959 Test Method for Chloride Content Determination of Aviation Turbine Fuels using Chloride Test Strip
D8073 Test Method for Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water
Separation Instrument
D8148 Test Method for Spectroscopic Determination of Haze in Fuels
D8183 Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils using a Constant Volume
Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibration Method
D8267 Test Method for Determination of Total Aromatic, Monoaromatic and Diaromatic Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels
Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV)
D8305 Test Method for The Determination of Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in
Aviation Turbine Fuels and other Kerosene Range Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 EI Standards:
EI 1550 Handbook on equipment used for the maintenance and delivery of clean aviation fuel
EI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levels for aviation fuel filter monitors
EI/JIG 1530 Quality assurance requirements for the manufacture, storage and distribution of aviation fuels to airports
IP 12 Determination of specific energy
IP 16 Determination of freezing point of aviation fuels—Manual method
IP 71 Section 1 Petroleum products—Transparent and opaque liquids—Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of
dynamic viscosity
IP 123 Petroleum products—Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure
IP 154 Petroleum products—Corrosiveness to copper—Copper strip test
IP 156 Petroleum products and related materials—Determination of hydrocarbon types—Fluorescent indicator adsorption
method
IP 160 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products—Laboratory determination of density—Hydrometer method
IP 170 Determination of flash point—Abel closed-cup method
IP 216 Particulate contaminant in aviation fuel
IP 225 Copper content of aviation turbine fuel
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
D1655 − 23a
IP 227 Silver corrosion of aviation turbine fuel
IP 274 Determination of electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels
IP 323 Determination of thermal oxidation stability of gas turbine fuels
IP 336 Petroleum products—Determination of sulfur content—Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method
IP 342 Petroleum products—Determination of thiol (mercaptan) sulfur in light and middle distillate fuels—Potentiometric
method
IP 354 Determination of the acid number of aviation fuels—Colour-indicator titration method
IP 365 Crude petroleum and petroleum products—Determination of density—Oscillating U-tube method
IP 406 Petroleum products—Determination of boiling range distribution by gas chromatography
IP 423 Determination of particulate contamination in aviation turbine fuels by laboratory filtration
IP 435 Determination of the freezing point of aviation turbine fuels by the automatic phase transition method
IP 436 Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in aviation fuels and petroleum distillates—High performance liquid
chromatography method with refractive index detection
IP 523 Determination of flash point—Rapid equilibrium closed cup method
IP 528 Determination for the freezing point of aviation turbine fuels—Automatic fibre optic method
IP 529 Determination of the freezing point of aviation turbine fuels—Automatic laser method
IP 534 Determination of flash point – Small scale closed cup ramp method
IP 540 Determination of the existent gu
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1655 − 23a
Standard Specification for
Aviation Turbine Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
fuel under contract.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This specification defines the minimum property re-
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
quirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
acceptable additives for use in civil and military operated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
initially for civil applications, but has also been adopted for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
military aircraft. Guidance information regarding the use of Jet
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
A and Jet A-1 in specialized applications is available in the
appendix.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describ-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
in the distribution system continues to comply with this
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
specification after batch certification. Such procedures are
Closed Cup Tester
defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Stan-
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
dard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions
ration
of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
characteristics than is shown by this specification.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
designed and certified for this fuel.
Method)
1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specifi-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
cation D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specifica-
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
tion for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and
standard. However, other units of measurement are included in
Aviation Turbine Fuel
this standard.
D1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D1655 – 23. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1655-23A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1655 − 23a
Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992) tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Avia-
D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active
tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-
Fuel by Line Sampling
tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
Evaluator (BOCLE)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
and Distillate Fuels
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in
(Automatic Phase Transition Method)
Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-
(Potentiometric Method)
carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Turbine Fuels
Method with Refractive Index Detection
D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel
Aviation Turbine Fuels
Systems
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
Fuel
tion of Aviation Fuels
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100)
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
for Middle Distillate Fuels
Cup Tester
D6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-
of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar-
acteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom-
bon Analysis
eter
D6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber
D4054 Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
Fuels and Fuel Additives
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Kinematic Viscosity)
Petroleum Products
D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
(Automatic Laser Method)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
Fuels, and Lubricants
(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-
D7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Fixed Range Injec-
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
Method (Withdrawn 2019)
trometry
D7224 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
acteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Con-
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
taining Additives by Portable Separometer
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
D7236 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
tion of Aviation Fuels
Cup Tester (Ramp Method)
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage
D7344 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Variable Equation
and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
lation Method)
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
D7524 Test Method for Determination of Static Dissipater
Method)
Additives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and Middle
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
Distillate Fuels—High Performance Liquid Chromato-
graph (HPLC) Method
3 D7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Synthesized Hydrocarbons
D1655 − 23a
D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in IP 156 Petroleum products and related materials—
Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle
Determination of hydrocarbon types—Fluorescent indica-
Counter
tor adsorption method
D7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane
IP 160 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products—
Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and
Laboratory determination of density—Hydrometer
Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion
method
Chamber Method
IP 170 Determination of flash point—Abel closed-cup
D7797 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid
method
Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using
IP 216 Particulate contaminant in aviation fuel
Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared
IP 225 Copper content of aviation turbine fuel
Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
IP 227 Silver corrosion of aviation turbine fuel
D7872 Test Method for Determining the Concentration of
IP 274 Determination of electrical conductivity of aviation
Pipeline Drag Reducer Additive in Aviation Turbine Fuels
and distillate fuels
D7945 Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity
IP 323 Determination of thermal oxidation stability of gas
and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant
turbine fuels
Pressure Viscometer
IP 336 Petroleum products—Determination of sulfur
D7959 Test Method for Chloride Content Determination of
content—Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method
Aviation Turbine Fuels using Chloride Test Strip
IP 342 Petroleum products—Determination of thiol (mer-
D8073 Test Method for Determination of Water Separation
captan) sulfur in light and middle distillate fuels—
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale
Water Separation Instrument Potentiometric method
D8148 Test Method for Spectroscopic Determination of IP 354 Determination of the acid number of aviation fuels—
Haze in Fuels
Colour-indicator titration method
D8183 Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane
IP 365 Crude petroleum and petroleum products—
Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils using a Constant
Determination of density—Oscillating U-tube method
Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibra-
IP 406 Petroleum products—Determination of boiling range
tion Method
distribution by gas chromatography
D8267 Test Method for Determination of Total Aromatic,
IP 423 Determination of particulate contamination in avia-
Monoaromatic and Diaromatic Content of Aviation Tur-
tion turbine fuels by laboratory filtration
bine Fuels Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum
IP 435 Determination of the freezing point of aviation tur-
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-
bine fuels by the automatic phase transition method
VUV)
IP 436 Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in
D8305 Test Method for The Determination of Total Aro-
aviation fuels and petroleum distillates—High perfor-
matic Hydrocarbons and Total Polynuclear Aromatic Hy-
mance liquid chromatography method with refractive
drocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels and other Kerosene
index detection
Range Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
IP 523 Determination of flash point—Rapid equilibrium
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
closed cup method
Determine Conformance with Specifications
IP 528 Determination for the freezing point of aviation
2.2 EI Standards:
turbine fuels—Automatic fibre optic method
EI 1550 Handbook on equipment used for the maintenance
IP 529 Determination of the freezing point of aviation tur-
and delivery of clean aviation fuel
EI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levels
bine fuels—Automatic laser method
for aviation fuel filter monitors
IP 534 Determination of flash point – Small scale closed cup
EI/JIG 1530 Quality assurance requirements for the
ramp method
manufacture, storage and distribution of aviation fuels to
IP 540 Determination of the existent gum content of aviation
airports
turbine fuel—Jet evaporation method
IP 12 Determination of specific energy
IP 564 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation
IP 16 Determination of freezing point of aviation fuels—
turbine fuel—Laboratory automatic particle counter
Manual method
method
IP 71 Section 1 Petroleum products—Transparent and
IP 565 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation
opaque liquids—Determination of kinematic viscosity and
turbine fuel—Portable automatic particle counter method
calculation of dynamic viscosity
IP 577 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation
IP 123 Petroleum products—Determination of distillation
turbine fuel—Automatic particle counter method using
characteristics at atmospheric pressure
light extinction
IP 154 Petroleum products—Corrosiveness
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