ASTM D1676-17

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1676 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Film-Insulated Magnet Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1676; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing film-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
insulatedmagnetwirethatisusedinelectricalapparatus.These
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
test methods are intended primarily for the evaluation of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
electrical insulating materials used.The intent is that these test
Specific hazard statements are given in 9.5, 19.1, 19.3, 19.8,
methods be used, except where modified, by individual speci-
52.1, 58, 59.1, 74.1, 112.1, 135.4, and 182.3.
fications for particular applications.
NOTE 1—This test method is related to IEC 60851. Since both methods
1.2 These test methods present different procedures for
contain multiple test procedures, many procedures are technically equiva-
evaluating given properties of round, rectangular or square,
lent while others differ significantly.
copper or aluminum film-insulated magnet wire.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
The SI units in parentheses are provided for information only. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Sections
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Bond Strength 4–12
Burnout (AC Overload Resistance) 13–21
2. Referenced Documents
Chemical Resistance 22–28
Coefficient of Friction 29–37
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Continuity, DC High Voltage 38–45
Continuity, DC Low Voltage 46–53 A228/A228MSpecification for Steel Wire, Music Spring
Completeness of Cure 54–60
Quality
Cut-Through Temperature (Thermoplastic Flow) 61–68
B3Specification for Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage 69–75
Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage after Bending 76–82 B43Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard
Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage at Elevated Temperatures 83–89
Sizes
Dielectric Breakdown AC Voltage after Conditioning in Refriger-
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
ant Atmosphere 90–99
Dimensional Measurement 100 – 106 Materials
Dissipation Factor Measurement 107 – 114
B279Test Method for Stiffness of Bare Soft Square and
Electrical Resistance 115 – 121
RectangularCopperandAluminumWireforMagnetWire
Elongation 122 – 129
Extractables, Refrigerant 130 – 140 Fabrication
Film Adherence and Flexibility 141 – 148
B324Specification for Aluminum Rectangular and Square
Formability:
Wire for Electrical Purposes
a) Elastic Ratio 152
b) Low Stress Elongation 153 B609/B609M Specification for Aluminum 1350 Round
c) Spring Back 154-155
Wire, Annealed and Intermediate Tempers, for Electrical
Heat Shock 156 – 162
Purposes
Oiliness 163 – 169
Scrape Resistance, Unidirectional 170 – 177
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Solderability 178 – 185
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
Resistance to Insulating Liquids and Hydrolytic Stability 186 – 195
at Commercial Power Frequencies
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D374/D374MTest Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
cal Insulation
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
D877Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1676–03(2011).
DOI: 10.1520/D1676-17. D1533Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1676 − 17
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration 5.1.1 bond strength, n—a measure of the force required to
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation separate surfaces which have been bonded together.
D2475Specification for Felt 5.1.1.1 Discussion—For magnet wire which has been self
D2519Test Method for Bond Strength of Electrical Insulat- bonded or varnish treated, the bond strength is reported as the
ing Varnishes by the Helical Coil Test force required to break a test specimen in flexure.
D5423Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ov-
6. Summary of Test Method
ens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
6.1 Flexural strength tests are made on bonded helical coils
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
todeterminetheforcerequiredtobreakthecoilunderspecified
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
conditions.
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
Comparison Techniques
7. Significance and Use
E1356Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
7.1 Bond strength values obtained by flexural tests provide
Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
information with regard to the bond strength of a particular
E1545Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
self-bonding outer coating in combination with a particular
Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
round film-insulated magnet wire when measured under con-
2.2 Other Documents:
ditions described in this test method.
CCCM-911Federal Specification for Bleached Muslin
IEC 60851Methods of Test for Winding Wire
8. Apparatus
8.1 Testing Machine—Tensile testing machines used for
3. Terminology
bond strength test shall conform to the requirements of
3.1 Definitions:
Practices E4.
3.1.1 conductor, n—a wire or combination of wires not
8.2 Test Fixture—The test fixture shall conform to the test
insulatedfromeachother,suitableforcarryingelectriccurrent.
fixture for bond strength tests required byTest Method D2519.
3.1.2 magnet wire, n—a metal electrical conductor, covered
8.3 Mandrel Holder—The mandrel holder shall be a metal
with electrical insulation, for use in the assembly of electrical
block of sufficient size and thickness with a hole capable of
inductive apparatus such as coils for motors, transformers,
supporting the winding mandrel in a vertical position during
generators, relays, magnets, and so forth.
the bonding cycle of the helical coil.
3.1.3 For definition of other terms used in this test method
8.4 Winding Tensions—The winding tensions are listed in
refer to Terminology D1711.
Table 1.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 film coating, n—cured enamel coating.
8.5 Bonding Weights—Bonding weights (listed in Table 1)
are made with a hole through the center to allow the weight to
3.2.2 film insulated wire, n—a conductor insulated with a
slip freely over the winding mandrel and load a helical coil
film coating.
during bonding of coil.
BOND STRENGTH OF ROUND FILM-INSULATED
8.6 Forced-Air Oven—See Specification D5423.
SELF-BONDING MAGNET WIRE BY THE HELICAL
COIL TEST
9. Test Specimen Preparation
9.1 Select the appropriate mandrel from Table 1, spray it
4. Scope
with a suitable release agent (fluorocarbon or silicone spray is
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond
adequate),andallowittodry.Carefullywindontotheprepared
strengthofaself-bondingoutercoatingonroundfilm-insulated
mandrel a length of wire, long enough to wind a helical coil at
magnet wires (AWG 14 through 44). Both thermal and solvent
least 3 in. (76 mm) long. The winding tension shall be as
bonding methods are defined.
prescribed in Table 1. Ensure that the coil is wound without
4.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
space between turns.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
9.2 Prepare six or more coils from each wire sample.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
9.3 Thermal Bonding—Mount the mandrel supporting the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
coil vertically in the mandrel holder and loaded with the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
bonding weight specified in Table 1. Place the mandrel holder
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and coil into a forced-air oven at a specified temperature for a
specified time, after which the assembly is removed from the
5. Terminology
oven and cooled to room temperature. Remove the coil from
5.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the mandrel and inspect the coil for breaks or physical damage
prior to testing.
9.4 Solvent Bonding—After winding, immerse the coil and
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. mandrel into the specified solvent for 5 s. Immediately
D1676 − 17
TABLE 1 Helical Coil Bond Parameters
Design test equipment, test chambers, and test specimens so as
Recommended tominimizethepossibilityofsuchoccurrencesandtoeliminate
A A
Mandrel Diameter Bond Weights
Wire Size,
Winding Tension
the possibility of personal injury. If the potential for fire exists,
AWG
in. mm g N g N
have fire suppression equipment available.)
44 0.011 0.28 2.5 0.025 0.80 0.008
43 0.011 0.28 2.5 0.025 0.80 0.008
10. Procedure
42 0.016 0.41 5.0 0.50 1.60 0.016
41 0.016 0.41 5.0 0.50 1.60 0.016
10.1 Use a rate of loading such that the duration of the test
40 0.022 0.56 10.0 0.098 3.15 0.031
shall be greater than the full-scale response time of the load
39 0.022 0.56 10.0 0.098 3.15 0.031
recording instrument.
38 0.022 0.56 10.0 0.098 3.15 0.031
37 0.032 0.81 20.0 0.196 6.30 0.062
10.2 Prepare sufficient specimens to obtain six data points
36 0.032 0.81 20.0 0.196 6.30 0.062
35 0.032 0.81 20.0 0.196 6.30 0.062
for each wire sample. One or more of the specimens are
34 0.044 1.12 40.0 0.392 12.5 0.123
potentially going to be destroyed in adjusting the rate of
33 0.044 1.12 40.0 0.392 12.5 0.123
loading.
32 0.044 1.12 40.0 0.392 12.5 0.123
31 0.063 1.60 80.0 0.785 25.0 0.245
10.3 Break specimens according to the test procedures
30 0.063 1.60 80.0 0.785 25.0 0.245
described in Test Method D2519.
29 0.063 1.60 80.0 0.785 25.0 0.245
28 0.088 2.24 160.0 1.569 50.0 0.490
10.4 Tests at other than room temperature are able to be
27 0.088 2.24 160.0 1.569 50.0 0.490
26 0.088 2.24 160.0 1.569 50.0 0.490
performed, if desired, using an insulated heat-resistant
25 0.124 3.15 315.0 3.089 100.0 0.981
enclosure, designed to fit around the test fixture and in the
24 0.124 3.15 315.0 3.089 100.0 0.981
stress strain analyzer. Place the specimens in the fixture in the
23 0.124 3.15 315.0 3.089 100.0 0.981
22 0.177 4.50 630.0 6.178 200.0 1.961 oven for 15 min but not more than 30 min after the oven has
21 0.177 4.50 630.0 6.178 200.0 1.961
recovered to the set temperature 62°C. Break the specimens
20 0.177 4.50 630.0 6.178 200.0 1.961
according to the test procedures described in Test Method
19 0.248 6.30 1250.0 12.258 400.0 3.923
18 0.248 6.30 1250.0 12.258 400.0 3.923
D2519. The specified test temperature and minimum bond
17 0.248 6.30 1250.0 12.258 400.0 3.923
strength shall be agreement upon between the manufacturer
16 0.354 8.99 2500.0 24.517 800.0 7.845
and the user.
15 0.354 8.99 2500.0 24.517 800.0 7.845
14 0.354 8.99 2500.0 24.517 800.0 7.845
A
11. Report
±2 % on all mandrels and bond weights.
11.1 Report the following:
11.1.1 Identification of size, build and type of insulation
used,
thereafter, secure the mandrel supporting the coil in the
11.1.2 Heat or solvent bonding (including temperature or
mandrel holder and load the coil with the bonding weight
type of solvent, or both),
specified in Table 1. Dry the coils for1hat room temperature.
11.1.3 Test temperature, and
Carefully remove the coils from the mandrels and further dry
11.1.4 Atablelistingtheindividualvaluesinpounds,grams
in a forced air oven for 15 6 2 min at 100 6 3°C (unless
or newtons of bond strength and their averages.
otherwisespecified).Coolthecoiltoroomtemperature,inspect
for breaks or physical damage, and test.
9.5 Resistance Bonding—Mountthemandrelsupportingthe
TABLE 2 Critical Differences, Percent of Average Pounds to
A
coilverticallyinamandrelholderandloadedwiththebonding
Break
weight specified in Table 1. Energize the coil with enough
Number of Single- Within- Between-
Observations in Operator Laboratory Laboratory
current and time to allow bonding. Remove the coil from the
each Average Precision Precision Precision
mandrel and inspect for breaks or physical damage, and test.
610 11 12
Specific bonding conditions shall be agreed upon between the
A
The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite
manufacturer and the user. (Warning—Lethal voltages are a
degrees of freedom
potential hazard during the performance of this test. It is
essential that the test apparatus, and all associated equipment
electrically connected to it, be properly designed and installed
for safe operation. Solidly ground all electrically conductive
12. Precision and Bias
parts which it is possible for a person to contact during the
12.1 In comparing two averages of six observations, the
test. Provide means for use at the completion of any test to
differences are not expected to exceed the critical difference in
ground any parts which were at high voltage during the test or
Table2,in95outof100caseswhenalloftheobservationsare
have the potential for acquiring an induced charge during the
takenbythesamewell-trainedoperatorusingthesamepieceof
test or retaining a charge even after disconnection of the
test equipment and specimens randomly drawn from the same
voltage source. Thoroughly instruct all operators as to the
sample of material.
correct procedures for performing tests safely. When making
high voltage tests, particularly in compressed gas or in oil, it
is possible for the energy released at breakdown
...